Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2812

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Predicting Eagle Fatalities at Wind Facilities Bay, K., Nasman, K., Erickson, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Beatrice Environmental Impact Assessment Report (Consultation Version) Repsol, Genesis Oil and Gas Consultants Ltd Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Incorporating Data Uncertainty when Estimating Potential Vulnerability of Scottish Seabirds to Marine Renewable Energy Developments Wade, H., Masden, E., Jackson, A. Journal Article Marine Energy Seabirds, Birds
Displacement of seabirds by an offshore wind farm in the North Sea Welcker, J., Nehls, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Displacement Seabirds, Birds
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Mortality Monitoring at the Alta X Wind Energy Project, Kern County, California. Final Report for the Second Year of Operation: April 2015 – April 2016 Thompson, J., Boyd, C., Lombardi, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
A Synchronized Sensor Array for Remote Monitoring of Avian and Bat Interactions with Offshore Renewable Energy Facilities Suryan, R., Albertani, R., Polagye, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Bats
A survey on bird activity monitoring and collision avoidance techniques in windmill turbines Aishwarya, K., Kathryn, J., Lakshmi, R. Conference Paper Wind Energy Collision Birds
Negative Impact of Wind Energy Development on a Breeding Shorebird Assessed with a BACI Study Design Sansom, A., Pearce-Higgins, J., Douglas, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance Shorebirds, Birds
Bird Migration Monitoring in the Saint Nikola Wind Farm, Kaliakra Region, in Autumn 2015, and an Analysis of Potential Impact after Six Years of Operation Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Marine Biogeographic Assessment of the Main Hawaiian Islands Costa, B., Kendall, M. Report Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Green Dilemma of Wind Farm on Avifauna: Future Ecological Considerations of Wind Energy Expansion in Ethiopia Mulualem, G. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Prognosis and Assessment of Bird Collision Risks at Wind Turbines in Northern Germany PROGRESS Grunkorn, T., von Ronn, J., Blew, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Predictable Hydrodynamic Conditions Explain Temporal Variations in the Density of Benthic Foraging Seabirds in a Tidal Stream Environment Waggitt, J., Cazenave, P., Torres, R. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Seabirds
Utilization Probability Map for Migrating Bald Eagles in Northeastern North America: A Tool for Siting Wind Energy Facilities and Other Flight Hazards Mojica, E., Watts, B., Turrin, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Scavenging of small bird carrion in southwestern Germany by beetles, birds and mammals Henrich, M., Tietze, D., Wink, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Mitigation Measures for Wildlife in Wind Energy Development, Consolidating the State of Knowledge — Part 2: Operation, Decommissioning Gartman, V., Bulling, L., Dahmen, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds
Black - billed Cuckoo Conservation Plan for the California Ridge Wind Energy Project Champaign and Vermilion Counties, Illinois Western Ecosystems Technology Inc (WEST) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Noise Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Auditory Sensitivity in Aquatic Animals Lucke, K., Popper, A., Hawkins, A. Journal Article Noise Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
Proximity to wind-power plants reduces the breeding success of the white-tailed eagle Balotari-Chiebao, F., Brommer, J., Niinimaki, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Guidelines for Conducting Bird and Bat Studies at Commercial Wind Energy Projects New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Assessment of Diurnal Wind Turbine Collision Risk for Grassland Birds on the Southern Great Plains Wulff, S., Butler, M., Ballard, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Severe decline in Cantabrian Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus cantabricus habitat use after construction of a wind farm Gonzalez, M., Garcia-Tejero, S., Wengert, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds
Nova Scotia Tidal Research Summary Report - Researching Tidal Energy - Marine Life - The Nova Scotia Experience Daborn, G. Report EMF Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Habitat selection by adult golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos during the breeding season and implications for wind farm establishment Singh, N., Moss, E., Hipkiss, T. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Literature review and evidence based field study on the effects of high voltage transmission lines on birds RPS group Report Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds
Modeling At-Sea Occurrence and Abundance of Marine Birds to Support Atlantic Marine Renewable Energy Planning: Phase 1 Report Kinlan, B., Winship, A., White, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Seabirds, Birds
Avian Interactions with Energy Infrastructure in the Context of Other Anthropogenic Threats Loss, S. Journal Article Birds
Technological solutions to reduce the environmental impacts of wind-energy systems Megavind Report Wind Energy Collision, Displacement, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Reproductive success of Horned Lark and McCown's Longspur in relation to wind energy infrastructure Mahoney, A., Chalfoun, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Passerines, Birds
Integrating a Multibeam and a Multifrequency Echosounder on the Flowbec Seabed Platform to Track Fish and Seabird Behavior around Tidal Turbine Structures Williamson, B., Fraser, S., Blondel, P. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Seabirds, Fish
Wintering Sandhill Crane Exposure to Wind Energy Development in the Central and Southern Great Plains, USA Pearse, A., Brandt, D., Krapu, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Avian interactions with renewable energy infrastructure: An update Smith, J., Dwyer, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds
Monitoring of wintering geese in the AES Geo Energy Wind Farm "St. Nikola" territory and the Kaliakra region in winter 2015/2016 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Waterfowl
Satellite-Tracking of Bewick's Swan Migration in Relation to Offshore and Onshore Wind Farm Sites: Final Report Griffin, L.R., Rees, E.C., Hughes, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Testing sensitivity of metrics of seabird population response to offshore wind farm effects Cook, A., Robinson, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
ABC’s Bird-Smart Wind Energy Campaign: Protecting Birds from Poorly Sited Wind Energy Development Hutchins, M., Parr, M., Schroeder, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Testing sensitivity of metrics of seabird population response to offshore wind farm impacts Cook, A., Robinson, R. Report Wind Energy Collision, Displacement Birds
Wind Energy Development: Methods to Assess Bird and Bat Fatality Rates Post-Construction Huso, M., Dalthorp, D., Miller, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Contrasting effects of GPS device and harness attachment on adult survival of Lesser Black‐backed Gulls Larus fuscus and Great Skuas Stercorarius skua Thaxter, C., Ross-Smith, V., Clark, J. Journal Article Marine Energy Birds
Reconciling endangered species conservation with wind farm development: Cinereous vultures (Aegypius monachus) in south-eastern Europe Vasilakis, D., Whitfield, D., Schindler, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Displaying 1441 - 1480 of 2812 results