Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2731

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Using kernel density estimation to explore habitat use by seabirds at a marine renewable wave energy test facility Leesa, K., Guerin, A., Masden, E. Journal Article Wave, Marine Energy Seabirds, Birds
Abundance and Distribution of Seabirds off Southeastern Massachusetts, 2011-2015 Veit, R., White, T., Perkins, S. Report Birds, Seabirds
Suggested seasonal definitions for birds in the Scottish Marine Environment Tyler, G. Guidance Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Avian Collision Risk Models for Wind Energy Impact Assessments Masden, E., Cook, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds
2015 Bird and Bat Post Construction Monitoring Report – Laurel Mountain Wind Energy Project Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Impacts to Birds and Bats Due to Collisions and Electrocutions from Some Tall Structures in the United States: Wires, Towers, Turbines, and Solar Arrays - State of the Art in Addressing the Problems Manville, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
A Self-Contained Subsea Platform for Acoustic Monitoring of the Environment Around Marine Renewable Energy Devices - Field Deployments at Wave and Tidal Energy Sites in Orkney, Scotland Williamson, B., Blondel, P., Armstrong, E. Journal Article Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
Environmental impacts of offshore wind farms in the Belgian part of the North Sea: Environmental impact monitoring reloaded Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Collision Risk Model for "rufa" Red Knots (Calidris canutus rufa) Interacting with a Proposed Offshore Wind Energy Facility in Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts Gordon, C., Nations, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Shorebirds
Problematic Wildlife: A Cross-Disciplinary Approach Angelici, F. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
Effects of a Wind Energy Development on Greater Sage-Grouse Habitat Selection and Population Demographics in Southeastern Wyoming LeBeau, C., Johnson, G., Holloran, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Assessing local population vulnerability with branching process models: an application to wind energy development Erickson, R., Eager, E., Stanton, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
A framework for decision points to trigger adaptive management actions in long-term incidental take permits Dalthorp, D., Huso, M. Report Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
An Assessment of Direct Mortality to Avifauna from Wind Energy Facilities in North Dakota and South Dakota Graff, B. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Direct Mortality of Birds from Anthropogenic Causes Loss, S., Will, T., Marra, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Subsea Cable Interactions with the Marine Environment NIRAS Consulting, Renewables Grid Initiative Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Water Quality
Three Dimensional Tracking of a Wide-Ranging Marine Predator: Flight Heights and Vulnerability to Offshore Wind Farms Cleasby, I., Wakefield, E., Bearhop, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Humber Gateway: Bird Detection Radar Pink-footed Goose Monitoring Autumn 2015 Jones, R., Peggie, C., Fouracre, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Synopsis des internationalen Kenntnisstandes zum Einfluss der Windenergie auf Fledermäuse und Vögel und Spezifizierung für die Schweiz Muller, J., Warnke, M., Reichenbach, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
ADDRESSING IMPACTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY DEPLOYMENT ON MIGRATORY WATERBIRDS African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds Agreement (AEWA) Report Wind Energy Birds
Ökobilanzierung von Schweizer Windenergie Eymann, L., Stucki, M., Fürholz, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions, Birds
Acoustic Indices for Biodiversity Assessments: Analyses of Bias Based on Simulated Bird Assemblages and Recommendations for Field Surveys Gasc, A., Pavoine, S., Lellouch, L. Journal Article Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Statistical guidelines for assessing marine avian hotspots and coldspots: A case study on wind energy development in the U.S. Atlantic Ocean Zipkin, E., Kinlan, B., Sussman, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Effects of Wind Farms on Montagu's Harrier (Circus pygargus) in Southern Spain Hernández-Pliego, J., de Lucas, M., Muñoz, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Two-Dimensional Thermal Video Analysis of Offshore Bird and Bat Flight Matzner, S., Cullinan, V., Duberstein, C. Journal Article Birds, Bats
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Fatality at the Horse Butte Wind Facility, Years 1–3 SWCA Environmental Consultants Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
The Scientific Validity of Criticisms made by the RSPB of Metrics used to Assess Population Level Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms on Seabirds Cook, A., Robinson, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Marine Licence Hywind Scotland Pilot Park The Scottish Government, Marine Scotland Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Developing an automated risk management tool to minimize bird and bat mortality at wind facilities Willmott, J., Forcey, G., Hooton, L. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Bats
An autonomous GPS geofence alert system to curtail avian fatalities at wind farms Sheppard, J., McGann, A., Lanzone, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Assessing the structure and temporal dynamics of seabird communities: the challenge of capturing marine ecosystem complexity Moreno, R., Stowasser, G., McGill, R. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes
Pink-footed goose anthropogenic mortality review: collision risk modelling WWT Consulting Report Wind Energy Collision Birds, Waterfowl
Pink-footed goose anthropogenic mortality review: avoidance rate review WWT Consulting Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Birds, Waterfowl
Wales' Marine Evidence Report Welsh Government Report Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Pink-footed goose anthropogenic mortality review: population model WWT Consulting Report Wind Energy Birds, Waterfowl
A Unifying Framework for the Underlying Mechanisms of Avian Avoidance of Wind Turbines May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Avoidance Birds
Wildlife Densities and Habitat Use Across Temporal and Spatial Scales on the Mid-Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (2012-2014) Williams, K., Connelly, E., Johnson, S. Report Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Marine Life Observation using Classification Algorithms on Ocean Surface Photographs Maussang, F., Guelton, L., Garello, R. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Runde Miljøsenter: North Atlantic Seabird Seminar Hundeide, M. Report Marine Energy Birds, Seabirds
Developing an Avian Collision Risk Model to Incorporate Variability and Uncertainty Masden, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
Displaying 1441 - 1480 of 2731 results