Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 2491
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Effects of Wind Energy Development on Survival of Female Greater Prairie-Chickens Winder, V., NcNew, L., Gregory, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
MaRVEN Research Study - Noise, Vibrations and Electromagnetic Emissions Thomsen, F. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Foraging Ranges of Northern Gannets in Relation to Proposed Offshore Wind Farms in the UK: 2010-2012 Langston, R., Teuten, E., Butler, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Hidden Markov Models for Estimating Animal Mortality from Anthropogenic Hazards Etterson, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Wind Turbine Fatalities Approach a Level of Concern in a Raptor Population Bellebaum, J., Korner-Nievergelt, F., Durr, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Estimates of Bird Collision Mortality at Wind Facilities in the Contiguous United States of America Loss, S., Will, T., Marra, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
The Influence of Group Size and Social Interactions on Collision Risk with Obstacles Croft, S., Budgey, R., Pitchford, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Fairhead Tidal Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping Document McGrath, C. Report Marine Energy, Tidal EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Final Report: Post-Construction Avian Monitoring Digby Neck Wind Farm Craig, C., Kearney, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Noise Birds
Leaning Juniper II Wind Power Facility Wildlife Fatality Monitoring Study January 2011-July 2013 Downes, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Breeding Bird Surveys Arkwright Summit Wind Project Chautauqua County, New York Lukins, W., Young, D., Bay, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
MRSea Package (version 0.0.1): Statistical Modelling of Bird and Cetacean Distributions in Offshore Renewables Development Areas Scott-Hayward, L., Oedekoven, C., Mackenzie, M. Report Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Birds
Bird Mortality at a Wind-Energy Facility near a Wetland of International Importance Grodsky, S., Jennelle, C., Drake, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Examining potential effects of marine renewable energy developments on top predators Philpott, E. Thesis Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Cetaceans, Physical Environment
Spatially Explicit Model of Wintering Common Loons: Conservation Implications Winiarski, K., Miller, D., Paton, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Project Phase 1 Intertidal Survey Report Xodus Group Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Physical Environment
Wave & Tidal Consenting Position Paper Series: Ornithological Impacts Kirby, A., Hawkins, K., Freeman, S. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Birds
Statistical Modelling of Seabird and Cetacean Data: Guidance Document Mackenzie, M., Scott-Hayward, L., Oedekoven, C. Report Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Birds
From Ground to Above Canopy - Bat Activity in Mature Forests is Driven by Vegetation Density and Height Muller, J., Brandl, R., Buchner, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Responses of Local Birds to the Offshore Wind Farms PAWP and OWEZ off the Dutch mainland coast Leopold, M., van Bemmelen, R., Zuur, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Diving Behaviour of Black Guillemots Cepphus grylle in the Pentland Firth, UK: Potential for Interactions with Tidal Stream Energy Developments Masden, E., Foster, S., Jackson, A. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Birds
Evaluating Greater Sage-Grouse Seasonal Space Use Relative to Leks: Implications for Surface Use Designations in Sagebrush Ecosystems Coates, P., Casazza, M., Blomberg, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
User Guide for the MRSea Package: Marine Renewables Strategic Environmental Assessment Scott-Hayward, L., Oedekoven, C., Mackenzie, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Marine Mammals, Birds
Nesting Burrowing Owl Density and Abundance in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California Smallwood, K., Neher, L., Mount, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Modeling the Distribution of Migratory Bird Stopovers to Inform Landscape-Scale Siting of Wind Development Pocewicz, A., Estes-Zumpf, W., Andersen, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Deepwater Wind Block Island Environmental Assessment and Statement of Findings US Army Corps of Engineers Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Little tern Sternula albifrons use of Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm in 2013 Perrow, M., Harwood, A. , Praca, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3): Chapter 1-Introduction and Executive Summary Walls, R., Pendlebury, C., Lancaster, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, EMF Birds, Fish
Analysis of Marine Ecology Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 3): Appendix 2-Birds Canning, S., Lye, G., Kerr, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Wind Farms and Birds: An Updated Analysis of the Effects of Wind Farms on Birds, and Best Practice Guidance on Integrated Planning and Impact Assessment Gove, B., Langston, R., McCluskie, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Birds
Bird Radar Validation in the Field by Time-Referencing Line-Transect Surveys Dokter, A., Baptist, M., Ens, B. Journal Article Birds
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Project EIA Scoping Report Statoil Wind Limited (SWL) Xodus Group Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Navigation
Bird Communities and Wind Farms: A Phylogenetic and Morphological Approach Herrera-Alsina, L., Villegas-Patraca, R., Eguiarte, L. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
London Array Offshore Wind Farm: Ornithology Aerial Survey Report 2012-2013 APEM Ltd Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm Effects on Birds and Needs to Plan their Future Development in Spain Mateos-Rodriguez, M., Muñoz, A., Arroyo, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm: Red-throated Diver Displacement Ellis, I., Ward, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Final 2012-2013 Annual Report Avian and Bat Monitoring Project Vasco Winds, LLC Brown, K., Smallwood, K., Karas, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Influence of Wind Turbines on Presence of Willet, Marbled Godwit, Wilson's Phalarope and Black Tern on Wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota and South Dakota Niemuth, N., Walker, J., Gleason, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Wind farms in Thrace: Updating the proposal for proper site selection WWF Greece Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
The Effects of a Large-Scale Wind Farm on Breeding Season Survival of Female Mallards and Blue-Winged Teal in the Prairie Pothole Region Gue, C., Walker, J., Mehl, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Displaying 1481 - 1520 of 2491 results