Avoidance

Temporary or permanent voluntary absence of organisms from the area surrounding a device.

Animals may choose to avoid wind energy and marine renewable energy devices for a variety of reasons, potentially resulting in loss of foraging, breeding, rearing, or resting habitats. Access roads and export cables may also cause habitats to become segmented, disrupting previously continuous habitat or migration corridors. Construction is the most likely initial cause of area avoidance due to heavy traffic and loud noises, but many animals return and are not permanently displaced by new devices in the long-term. Siting and identification of unique or special habitat is important to prevent long-term avoidance of an area and disruptive change to ecosystem processes.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Avoidance.

Total: 549

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Functional and structural responses to marine urbanisation Mayer-Pinto, M., Cole, V., Johnston, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Avoidance, Attraction Invertebrates
Avian Monitoring and Mortality Report at the National Wind Technology Center: January 2010 - February 2011 Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Assessing and Managing Effect Spheres of Influence Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Effect of an Offshore Wind Farm on the Viviparous Eelpout: Biometrics, Brood Development and Population Studies in Lillgrund, Sweden Langhamer, O., Dahlgren, T., Rosenqvist, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
The Indirect Impacts of Wind Farms on Terrestrial Mammals: Insights from the Disturbance and Exclusion Effects on Wolves (Canis lupus) da Costa, G., Paula, J., Petrucci-Fonseca, F. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals
Seabird species vary in behavioural response to drone census Brisson-Curadeau, E., Bird, D., Burke, C. Journal Article Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
Estimating flight heights of seabirds using optical rangefinders and GPS data loggers: a methodological comparison Borkenhagen, K., Corman, A., Garthe, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Do American Golden-Plovers (Pluvialis dominica) Avoid Wind-energy Turbines in Agricultural Fields in Indiana During Spring Migration? Homoya, W., Moore, J., Ruhl, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Shorebirds, Birds
The energy landscape predicts flight height and wind turbine collision hazard in three species of large soaring raptor Peron, G., Fleming, C., Duriez, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Raptors, Birds
Bird and Bat Species' Global Vulnerability to Collision Mortality at Wind Farms Revealed Through a Trait-Based Assessment Thaxter, C., Buchanan, G., Carr, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Acoustic mirrors as sensory traps for bats Greif, S., Zsebok, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Bats
Testing and Validating Metrics of Change Produced by Population Viability Analysis (PVA) Jitlal, M., Burthe, S., Freeman, S. Report Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Tidal Turbine-Fish Interaction Pilot Study in the Aquatron Controlled Lab Space MacNeill, A., Mahon-Hodgins, L., Eddington, J. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Fish
Hydroacoustic Assessment of Behavioral Responses by Fish Passing Near an Operating Tidal Turbine in the East River, New York Bevelhimer, M., Scherelis, C., Colby, J. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Collision, Avoidance Fish
Mammalian Mesocarnivore Visitation at Tortoise Burrows in a Wind Farm Agha, M., Smith, A., Lovich, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise, Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals, Reptiles
15 years of wolf monitoring plans at wind farm areas in Portugal. What do we know? Where should we go? da Costa, G., Petrucci-Fonseca, F., Álvares, F. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
Do Terrestrial Animals Avoid Areas Close to Turbines in Functioning Wind Farms in Agricultural Landscapes? Łopucki, R., Klich, D., Gielarek, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
Modeling the spatial effects of disturbance: a constructive critique to provide evidence of ecological thresholds Powell, L., Brown, M., Smith, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Reindeer habitat use in relation to two small wind farms, during preconstruction, construction, and operation Skarin, A., Alam, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals
Responses of bottlenose dolphins and harbor porpoises to impact and vibration piling noise during harbor construction Graham, I., Pirotta, E., Merchant, N. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Seabirds as samplers of the marine environment - a case study of northern gannets Garthe, S., Peschko, V., Kubetzki, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Seabirds, Birds
Impacts of Wind Turbines on the Population and Nest Site Selection of the Montagu’s Harrier in North Frisia Rasran, L., Thomsen, K. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Behavioural Observations of White-Tailed Sea Eagles in the Vicinity of Wind Turbines Grunkorn, T., Gippert, M., Treu, G. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Calculation of the Probability of a Collision of Territorial Birds of Prey with Wind Turbines Rasran, L., Grajetzky, B., Mammen, U. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Marine Protected Areas and Offshore Wind Farms Sanders, N., Haynes, T., Goriup, P. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Avoidance Marine Mammals
Impact of wind turbines on bat activity: an ommited long-distance concern Barre, K., Julliard, R., Le Viol, I. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Unforeseen Responses of a Breeding Seabird to the Construction of an Offshore Wind Farm Harwood, A., Perrow, M., Berridge, R. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance Seabirds, Birds
Bird Mortality in Two Dutch Wind Farms: Effects of Location, Spatial Design and Interactions with Powerlines Brenninkmeijer, A., Klop, E. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
The Challenges of Addressing Wildlife Impacts When Repowering Wind Energy Projects Smallwood, K. Book Chapter Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Avoidance of Wind Farms by Harbour Seals is Limited to Pile Driving Activities Russell, D., Hastie, G., Thompson, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Project Icebreaker Bird and Bat Risk Analysis Gordon, C., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement Bats, Birds
Quarterly Report for Aquatic Sampling: Project Icebreaker Pre-Construction Monitoring 3rd Quarter Verhamme, E., Daley, J., Cutrell, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish
Bird Migration Intensity and Number of Collision Victims at the Wind Power Plant Le Peuchapatte (Switzerland) Aschwanden, J., Liechti, F. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Collision and Displacement Vulnerability Among Marine Birds of the California Current System Associated with Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure Adams, J., Kelsey, E., Felis, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Seabirds, Birds
Investigations into the interactions between harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and vessels in the inner Moray Firth Onoufriou, J., Jones, E., Hastie, G. Report Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Noise, Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds, Navigation
Interactions of Aquatic Animals with the ORPC OCGen in Cobscook Bay, Maine: Monitoring Behavior Change and Assessing the Probability of Encounter with a Deployed MHK Device Zydlewski, G., Staines, G., Viehman, H. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Fish
Seabirds and Offshore Wind Farms in European Waters: Avoidance and Attraction Dierschke, V., Furness, R., Garthe, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance, Attraction Seabirds, Birds
A Coordinated Action Plan for Addressing Collision Risk for Marine Mammals and Tidal Turbines Hutchison, I., Copping, A. Workshop Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals
Quarterly Report for Aquatic Sampling: Project Icebreaker Pre-Construction Monitoring 2nd Quarter Verhamme, E., Daley, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish
Informing a Tidal Turbine Strike Probability Model through Characterization of Fish Behavioral Response using Multibeam Sonar Output Bevelhimer, M., Colby, J., Adonizio, M. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Fish
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