Avoidance

Temporary or permanent voluntary absence of organisms from the area surrounding a device.

Animals may choose to avoid wind energy and marine renewable energy devices for a variety of reasons, potentially resulting in loss of foraging, breeding, rearing, or resting habitats. Access roads and export cables may also cause habitats to become segmented, disrupting previously continuous habitat or migration corridors. Construction is the most likely initial cause of area avoidance due to heavy traffic and loud noises, but many animals return and are not permanently displaced by new devices in the long-term. Siting and identification of unique or special habitat is important to prevent long-term avoidance of an area and disruptive change to ecosystem processes.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Avoidance.

Total: 549

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Attraction, avoidance and habitat use at various spatial scales Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) presence is reduced during tidal turbine operation Palmer, L., Gillespie, D., Macaulay, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Wozep midterm evaluation 2021 Odinga, J., Barbé, D., van Mastrigt, A. Report Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
A review of the effectiveness of operational curtailment for reducing bat fatalities at terrestrial wind farms in North America Adams, E., Gulka, J., Williams, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm - Year 1 Post-Construction Ornithological Monitoring Report - 2019 Trinder, M. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Displacement Birds
Monitoring and Modeling Tree Bat (Genera: Lasiurus, Lasionycteris) Occurrence Using Acoustics on Structures off the Mid-Atlantic Coast—Implications for Offshore Wind Development True, M., Reynolds, R., Ford, W. Journal Article Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
GPS tracking data can document wind turbine interactions: Evidence from a GPS-tagged Eurasian curlew Jiguet, F., Schwemmer, P., Rousseau, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Bats, Birds, Shorebirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
A Temporal Boosted YOLO-Based Model for Birds Detection around Wind Farms Alqaysi, H. , Fedorov, I. , Qureshi, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Hywind Scotland Ornithological Monitoring Programme: Overwintering distributions of common guillemot and razorbill populations in Eastern Scotland Bogdanova, M., Buckingham, L., Newell, M. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds
A two-fold increase in migration distance does not have breeding consequences in a long-distance migratory seabird with high flight costs Dufour, P., Wojczulanis-Jakubas, K., Lavergne, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Simulating Wind Energy Production Effects from Detection-based Smart Curtailment Bat Strategies for Alberta Wind Facilities Newman, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Bats
Are fish in danger? A review of environmental effects of marine renewable energy on fishes Copping, A., Hemery, L., Viehman, H. Journal Article Marine Energy, Riverine, Tidal, Wave Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Fish
A Review of Biodiversity Data Needs and Monitoring Protocols for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector in the Baltic Sea and North Sea Stephenson, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality
Shetland Tidal Array Monitoring Report: Subsea video monitoring Smith, K. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals
Harbour porpoises exhibit localized evasion of a tidal turbine Gillespie, D., Palmer, L., Macaulay, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Environmental and seasonal correlates of capercaillie movement traits in a Swedish wind farm Kämmerle, J., Taubmann, J., Andrén, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
European Scalable Offshore Renewable Energy Source (EU-SCORES) Francisco Correia da Fonseca Research Study Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Behavioural reactions of harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena to startle-eliciting stimuli: movement responses and practical applications Hiley, H., Janik, V., Götz, T. Journal Article Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Non-territorial GPS-tagged golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos at two Scottish wind farms: Avoidance influenced by preferred habitat distribution, wind speed and blade motion status Fielding, A., Anderson, D., Benn, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Land-Based Wind Energy Siting: A Foundational and Technical Resource Christol, C., Oteri, F., Laurienti, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Research Goals for Studying Bat Behavior at the Wind Turbine-scale Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative (BWEC) Report Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Bird Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Cook, A., Williams, K., Jenkins, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Changes in flight paths of large-bodied birds after construction of large terrestrial wind turbines Therkildsen, O., Balsby, T., Kjeldsen, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Modeling Small Scale Impacts of Multi-Purpose Platforms: An Ecosystem Approach Serpetti, N., Benjamins, S., Brain, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Migrating whooping cranes avoid wind-energy infrastructure when selecting stopover habitat Pearse, A., Metzger, K., Brandt, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Shorebirds
Detection-reaction systems in onshore windfarms, a mitigation solution to reduce bird fatalities: Principles for a relevant assessment of their performances Corbeau, A., Dupont, S., Besnard, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes
Effects of wind farms on the nest distribution of magpie (Pica pica) in agroforestry systems of Chongming Island, China Song, N., Xu, H., Zhao, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Passerines
Resolving Key Uncertainties of Seabird Flight and Avoidance Behaviours at Offshore Wind Farms: Annual report for April 2020 – October 2020 Tjørnløv, R., Skov, H., Armitage, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
Acoustic risk balancing by marine mammals: anthropogenic noise can influence the foraging decisions by seals Hastie, G., Lepper, P., McKnight, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
La urgencia de hacer Restauración ecológica en México Mendez-Toribio, M., Izquierdo- Calderón, N., Martinez-Garza, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Evaluating receiver contributions to acoustic positional telemetry: a case study on Atlantic cod around wind turbines in the North Sea van der Knaap, I., Slabbekoorn, H., Winter, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Fish, Pelagic Fish
U.S. Geological Survey Migratory Bird Science, 2020–21 Pearse, A., Sherfy, M., Wimer, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Physical Environment
Novel Application and Validation of a Method to Assess Visual Impacts of Rotating Wind Turbine Blades Within Woodland Areas Nopp-Mayr, U., Kunz, F., Suppan, F. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Visual Impacts
Integrating Social and Ecological Research on the Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in North America ten Brink, T., Dalton, T., Livermore, J. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data
Peaks in bat activity at turbines and the implications for mitigating the impact of wind energy developments on bats Richardson, S., Lintott, P., Hosken, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Northern gannets (Morus bassanus) are strongly affected by operating offshore wind farms during the breeding season Peschko, V., Mendel, B., Mercker, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Roe deer stress response to a wind farms: Methodological and practical implications Klich, D., Lopucki, R., Scibior, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals
OES-Environmental 2020 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World Copping, A., Hemery, L. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
Behavioral responses of fish to a current-based hydrokinetic turbine under multiple operational conditions Grippo, M., Zydlewski, G., Shen, H. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Fish
Existing Conditions and Potential Environmental Effects HT Harvey and Associates Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
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