Skip to main content

Avoidance

Birds flying around a wind turbine farm
Temporary or permanent voluntary absence of organisms from the area surrounding a device.

Animals may choose to avoid wind energy and marine renewable energy devices for a variety of reasons, potentially resulting in loss of foraging, breeding, rearing, or resting habitats. Access roads and export cables may also cause habitats to become segmented, disrupting previously continuous habitat or migration corridors. Construction is the most likely initial cause of area avoidance due to heavy traffic and loud noises, but many animals return and are not permanently displaced by new devices in the long-term. Siting and identification of unique or special habitat is important to prevent long-term avoidance of an area and disruptive change to ecosystem processes.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Avoidance.

Total: 577

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Differential Mortality of Birds Killed at Wind Farms in Northern Portugal Morinha, F., Travassos, P., Seixas, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Construction and Post-Construction Avian and Bat Monitoring Plan Block Island Wind Farm Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Physical Environment
Offshore Test Site Alpha Ventus Expert Report: Marine Mammals (Final Report: from baseline to windfarm operation) Diederichs, A., Rose, A., Nehls, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Marine Mammals
Assessing Risk to Birds from Industrial Wind Energy Development via Paired Resource Selection Models Miller, T., Brooks, R., Lanzone, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Evaluation of Survival and Behavior of Fish Exposed to an Axial-Flow Hydrokinetic Turbine Amaral, S., Giza, D., McMahon, B. Report Marine Energy Collision, Avoidance Pelagic Fish, Fish, Demersal Fish
Underwater construction and operational noise at alpha ventus Betke, K. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Avoidance Marine Mammals
Marine mammals and windfarms: Effects of alpha ventus on harbour porpoises Dähne, M., Peschko, V., Gilles, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Avoidance Marine Mammals
The Influence of Group Size and Social Interactions on Collision Risk with Obstacles Croft, S., Budgey, R., Pitchford, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Biological and Existing Data Analysis to Inform Risk of Collision and Entanglement Hypotheses Kropp, R. Report Marine Energy, Wave Avoidance, Collision, Entanglement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Bird Mortality at a Wind-Energy Facility near a Wetland of International Importance Grodsky, S., Jennelle, C., Drake, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Examining potential effects of marine renewable energy developments on top predators Philpott, E. Thesis Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment
The Use of Acoustic Devices to Warn Marine Mammals of Tidal-Stream Energy Devices Wilson, B., Carter, C. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Noise, Avoidance Marine Mammals
Summary of pamguard beaked whale click detectors and classifiers used during the 2012 Southern California behavioral response study Keating, J., Barlow, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement Marine Mammals
Impacts of Wind Energy Development on Bats: Implications for Conservation Arnett, E., Baerwald, E. Book Chapter Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Bats
Planning Scotland's Seas: SEA of Plans for Wind, Wave and Tidal Power in Scottish Marine Waters Environmental Report APS Group Scotland Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Impacts of OWF installations on fisheries: A Literature Review Bat, L., Sezgin, M., Sahin, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Ultrasonic Acoustic Deterrent for Reducing Bat Fatalities at Wind Turbines Arnett, E., Hein, C., Schirmacher, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Effectiveness of an Operational Mitigation Experiment to Reduce Bat Fatalities at the Pinnacle Wind Farm, Mineral County, West Virginia, 2012 Hein, C., Prichard, A., Mabee, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Behavior and Turbine Avoidance Rates of Eagles at Two Wind Farms in Tasmania, Australia Hull, C., Muir, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds
Habitat Utilization in White-Tailed Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) and the Displacement Impact of the Smøla Wind-Power Plant May, R., Nygård, T., Dahl, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
A Description of the Biosis Model to Assess Risk of Bird Collisions with Wind Turbines Smales, I., Muir, S., Meredith, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm Volume 2: ES Biological Environment Dong Energy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Avian Collisions at Two Wind Farms in Tasmania, Australia: Taxonomic and Ecological Characteristics of Colliders Versus Non-Colliders Hull, C., Stark, E., Peruzzo, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Improving Methods for Estimating Fatality of Birds and Bats at Wind Energy Facilities Warren-Hicks, W., Newman, J., Wolpert, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
2012 Post-Construction Monitoring Study Criterion Wind Project Garrett County, Maryland Young, D., Nations, C., Lout, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds, Bats
Canadian Estimate of Bird Mortality Due to Collisions and Direct Habitat Loss Associated with Wind Turbine Developments Zimmerling, J., Pomeroy, A., d'Entremont, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds
A synthesis of human-related avian mortality in Canada Calvert, A., Bishop, C., Elliot, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
The Avian Benefits of Wind Energy: A 2009 Update Sovacool, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
Flight Paths of Migrating Golden Eagles and the Risk Associated with Wind Energy Development in the Rocky Mountains Johnson, N., Bradley, J., Pomeroy, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Bird Monitoring at Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea - Assessing Seabird Displacement Effects Vanermen, N., Stienen, E., Courtens, W. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Summer Distribution of Semi-Domesticated Reindeer Relative to a New Wind-Power Plant Colman, J., Eftestol, S., Tsegaye, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance
Bird and Bat Collision Risks & Wind Energy Facilities Willmott, J., Allison Costello, E., Gordon, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Is a Wind-Power Plant Acting as a Barrier for Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) Movements? Colman, J., Efestol, S., Tsegaye, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance
Horns Rev 2 Offshore Wind Farm Bird Monitoring Program 2010-2012 Skov, H., Leonhard, S., Heinänen, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Strategic Joint Industry Project No.1: Bird avoidance behavior and collision impact monitoring at Offshore Windfarms Marine Scotland Science, Scottish Government, UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Environmental Effects of Hydrokinetic Turbines on Fish: Desktop and Laboratory Flume Studies Jacobson, P., Amaral, S., Castro-Santos, T. Report Marine Energy Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Fish
Admiralty Inlet Pilot Tidal Project Near-Turbine Monitoring and Mitigation Plan Snohomish County PUD Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance Fish, Marine Mammals
Impacts of wind farms on swans and geese: a review Rees, E. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Bat Mortalities at a Wind Energy Facility in North Dakota Bicknell, L., Gilliam, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Bird Migration Monitoring in the AES Geo Power Wind Park Territory, Kaliakra Region, in Autumn 2012, and Analysis of Potential Impact after Three Years' Operation Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Birds

Displaying 401 - 440 of 577 results