The evidence base for entanglement includes 10 key documents from marine renewable energy, wind energy, and other analogous industries to aid understanding of this interaction. Additional information on entanglement can be found in the 2024 State of the Science (Chapter 3), the 2020 State of the Science Report (Chapter 8), and the Tethys Knowledge Base.
View the other evidence bases for risk retirement here.
| Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Potential impacts of floating wind turbine technology for marine species and habitats | Maxwell, S., Kershaw, F., Locke, C., Conners, M., Dawson, C., Aylesworth, S., Loomis, R., Johnson, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Navigation | |
| Potential environmental effects of deepwater floating offshore wind energy facilities | Farr, H., Ruttenberg, B., Walter, R., Wang, Y-H., White, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
| Ongoing Study Plan: Development of Computer Simulations to Assess Entanglement Risk to Whales and Leatherback Sea Turtles in Offshore Floating Wind Turbine Moorings, Cables, and Associated Derelict Fishing Gear Offshore California | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Entanglement | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
| Humpback Whales and Floating Offshore Wind Farm Animation | Grear, M., Copping, A., Sanders, G., Guiltinan, S. | Video | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Entanglement | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| Humpback Whale Encounter with Offshore Wind Mooring Lines and Inter-Array Cables | Copping, A., Grear, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Entanglement | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| Assessment of Entanglement Risk to Marine Megafauna due to Offshore Renewable Energy Mooring Systems | Harnois, V., Smith, H., Benjamins, S., Johanning, L. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Entanglement | Marine Mammals | |
| Understanding the Potential for Marine Megafauna Entanglement Risk from Marine Renewable Energy Developments | Benjamins, S., Harnois, V., Smith, H., Johanning, L., Greenhill, L., Carter, C., Wilson, B. | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Entanglement | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| Biological and Existing Data Analysis to Inform Risk of Collision and Entanglement Hypotheses | Kropp, R. | Report | Marine Energy, Wave | Avoidance, Collision, Entanglement | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| Whale Entanglements With Submarine Telecommunication Cables | Wood, M., Carter, L. | Journal Article | Marine Energy | Entanglement | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| Whales entangled in deep sea cables | Heezen, B. | Journal Article | Entanglement | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |