Collision

Direct contact between an animal and a device component.

Any part of a renewable energy device that moves has the potential to have a deleterious effect on both resident and migratory organisms. Collisions between animals and tidal or wind turbine blades could result in injury or death, either by direct contact with the device or by pressure changes created around the moving parts. The probability of a collision with a blade may vary based on the rotational or mechanical speed of the moving parts, the presence and density of animals in the area, the time of day, weather conditions, and the ability of animals to sense and evade the device. Carcasses found around land-based wind turbines provide an estimate of bird and bat fatalities, while it is much more difficult to estimate the effect of collisions with offshore wind turbines. To date there have been no observed collisions of marine mammals or diving seabirds with tidal turbines. Wave energy devices also have moving parts such as heave plates, flaps, and other large heavy components that could potentially cause harm, although the likelihood is thought to be extremely small. Collisions resulting in injury and death of individual animals with moving parts of devices become particularly important if the loss of those individuals affect the stability and sustainability of the population in the area.

For more information relevant to marine energy, check out the Collision Risk Short Science Summary produced by OES-Environmental.

For more information relevant to offshore wind energy, check out the Bat and Bird Interactions with Offshore Wind Energy research brief produced by SEER.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Collision.

Total: 1617

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Radar Monitoring of Migrating Pink-Footed Geese: Behavioural Responses to Offshore Wind Farm Development Plonczkier, P., Simms, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
Scavenger removal: Bird and bat carcass persistence in a tropical wind farm Villegas-Patraca, R., Macias-Sanchez, S., Macgregor-Fors, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
The Effect of Wind Power on Birds and Bats - A Synthesis Rydell, J., Engstrom, H., Hedenstrom, A. Report Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Topography drives migratory flight altitude of golden eagles: implications for on-shore wind energy development Katzner, T., Brandes, D., Miller, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Scoping study for tidal stream energy development in Scottish waters Davies, I., Gubbins, M., Watret, R. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Scoping Study For Offshore Wave Energy Development In Scottish Waters Davies, I., Gubbins, M., Watret, R. Report Marine Energy, Wave Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Building Capacity for Marine Hydrokinetic Energy: Atlas of Potential Synergistic and Conflicting Environmental, Ecological, and Human Use Considerations Dubbs, L., Voss, C., Von Korff, B. Report Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave Chemicals, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Visual Fields, Foraging and Collision Vulnerability in Gyps Vultures Martin, G., Portugal, S., Murn, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Annex I: Movements and Diving Behaviour of Juvenile Grey Seals in Areas of High Tidal Energy Thompson, D. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Fixing wind power's bat problem Kumagai, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Using a Shore Bird (Red Knot) Fitted with Geolocators to Evaluate a Conceptual Risk Model Focusing on Offshore Wind Burger, J., Niles, L., Porter, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Shorebirds, Birds
Synthesis of Wind Energy Development and Potential Impacts on Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest, Oregon and Washington Mockrin, M., Gravenmier, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision
Seabirds & Offshore Wind Farms Monitoring Results 2011 Vanermen, N., Stienen, E., Onkelinx, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Bat Fatalities at Wind Farms in Northern Spain - Lessons to be Learned Camina, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Cumulative Effects of Wind Farms in the Dutch North Sea on Bird Populations Poot, M., van Horssen, P., Collier, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Report of the IWG on Wind Turbines and Bat Populations 2012 Rodrigues, L. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats
The BIO-acoustic feature extraction and classification of bat echolocation calls Mirzaei, G., Majid, M., Ross, J. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Assessing the Impact of Marine Wind Farms on Birds through Movement Modelling Masden, E., Reeve, R., Desholm, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Development of a Cost Minimizing Strategy to Mitigate Bird Mortalities in a Wind Farm Singh, K. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
A Review of Flight Heights and Avoidance Rates of Birds in Relation to Offshore Wind Farms Cook, A., Johnson, A., Wright, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
Pre-Construction Avian and Bat Survey Report Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Physical Environment
An Estimate of Avian Mortality at Communication Towers in the United States and Canada Longcore, T., Rich, C., Mineau, P. Journal Article Collision Birds
Testing an Emerging Paradigm in Migration Ecology Shows Surprising Differences in Efficiency between Flight Modes Duerr, A., Miller, T., Lanzone, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Biglow Canyon Wind Farm – Phase III - Year 1 Avian and Bat Monitoring Report Enk, T., Bay, K., Sonnenberg, M. Report Collision Bats, Birds
Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Section 13: Wind Farm Ornithology Arcus Consultancy Services Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Lighting, Noise Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
2011 Post-Construction Monitoring Study Criterion Wind Project Garrett County, Maryland Young, D., Lout, M., Courage, Z. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Research Priorities for Wind Energy and Migratory Wildlife Piorkowski, M., Farnsworth, A., Fry, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds, Bats
Criterion Wind Project Avian Protection Plan Young, D., Tidhar, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Land-Based Wind Energy Guidelines US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions
Greater impacts of wind farms on bird populations during construction than subsequent operation: results of a multi-site and multi-species analysis Pearce-Higgins, J., Stephen, L., Douse, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Measuring the interaction between marine features of Special Protection Areas with offshore wind farm development zones through telemetry: second year report Thaxter, C., Ross-Smith, V., Clark, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Target Strength of Southern Resident Killer Whales (Orcinus orca): Measurement and Modeling Xu, J., Deng, Z., Carlson, T. Journal Article Marine Energy Collision Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Laboratory Experiments on the Effects of Blade Strike from Hydrokinetic Energy Technologies on Larval and Juvenile Freshwater Fishes Schweizer, P., Cada, G., Bevelhimer, M. Report Riverine, Marine Energy Collision Fish
Strategic Impact Assessment of Offshore Windpower in Norway - Impacts on Seabirds Lorensten, S., Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Follestad, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Using a Collision Risk Model to Assess Bird Collision Risks for Offshore Wind Farms Band, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Best Management Practices for siting, developing, operating, and monitoring renewable energy in the Intermountain West: A Conservationist's Guide Jones, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds, Bats
Putting Aeolus to work without the death toll: federal wind farm siting guidelines can mitigate avian and Chiropteran mortality Mensing, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Griffon Vulture Mortality at Wind Farms in Southern Spain: Distribution of Fatalities and Active Mitigation Measures de Lucas, M., Ferrer, M., Bechard, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
A Review of Methods to Monitor Collisions or Micro-Avoidance of Birds with Offshore Wind Turbines - Part 2: Feasibility Study of Systems to Monitor Collisions Collier, M., Dirksen, S., Krijgsveld, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Sediment-Laden Ice Measurements and Observations, and Implications for Potential Interactions of Ice and Large Woody Debris with Tidal Turbines in Minas Passage Sanderson, B., Redden, A., Broome, J. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Fish
Displaying 1241 - 1280 of 1617 results