Collision

Direct contact between an animal and a device component.

Any part of a renewable energy device that moves has the potential to have a deleterious effect on both resident and migratory organisms. Collisions between animals and tidal or wind turbine blades could result in injury or death, either by direct contact with the device or by pressure changes created around the moving parts. The probability of a collision with a blade may vary based on the rotational or mechanical speed of the moving parts, the presence and density of animals in the area, the time of day, weather conditions, and the ability of animals to sense and evade the device. Carcasses found around land-based wind turbines provide an estimate of bird and bat fatalities, while it is much more difficult to estimate the effect of collisions with offshore wind turbines. To date there have been no observed collisions of marine mammals or diving seabirds with tidal turbines. Wave energy devices also have moving parts such as heave plates, flaps, and other large heavy components that could potentially cause harm, although the likelihood is thought to be extremely small. Collisions resulting in injury and death of individual animals with moving parts of devices become particularly important if the loss of those individuals affect the stability and sustainability of the population in the area.

For more information relevant to marine energy, check out the Collision Risk Short Science Summary produced by OES-Environmental.

For more information relevant to offshore wind energy, check out the Bat and Bird Interactions with Offshore Wind Energy research brief produced by SEER.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Collision.

Total: 1586

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Proceedings of the Wind-Wildlife Research Meeting IX PNWWRM IX Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Migratory Stopover of Songbirds in the Western Lake Erie Basin Johnson, P. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Bats Killed in Large Numbers at United States Wind Energy Facilities Hayes, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Searches for Dead Birds in Smøla Wind-Power Plant Area 2012: Annual Report Reitan, O. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Using Species Distribution Modelling to Predict Bat Fatality Risk at Wind Farms Santos, H., Rodrigues, L., Jones, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Bats
FatalityCMR - Capture-Recapture Software to Correct Raw Counts of Wildlife Fatalities using Trial Experiments for Carcass Detection Probability and Persistence Time Peron, G., Hines, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision
Species distribution models and wind farm developments Carrete, M., Sanchez-Zapata, J., Benitez, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Bald Eagle and Golden Eagle Mortalities at Wind Energy Facilities in the Contiguous United States Pagel, J., Kritz, K., Millsap, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
An Analytical Impact Assessment Framework for Wildlife to Inform the Siting and Permitting of Wind Energy Facilities Schwartz, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Canadian Estimate of Bird Mortality Due to Collisions and Direct Habitat Loss Associated with Wind Turbine Developments Zimmerling, J., Pomeroy, A., d'Entremont, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Bird Monitoring at Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea - Assessing Seabird Displacement Effects Vanermen, N., Stienen, E., Courtens, W. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
The Avian Benefits of Wind Energy: A 2009 Update Sovacool, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
A synthesis of human-related avian mortality in Canada Calvert, A., Bishop, C., Elliot, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Will Ocean Energy Harm Marine Ecosystems? Hammar, L. Research Study Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Flight Paths of Migrating Golden Eagles and the Risk Associated with Wind Energy Development in the Rocky Mountains Johnson, N., Bradley, J., Pomeroy, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Identifying migrant waterfowl and waterbird stopovers to inform wind energy development siting within Saginaw Bay Monfils, M., Gehring, J. Report Wind Energy Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
The avian and wildlife costs of fossil fuels and nuclear power Sovacool, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Birds, Bats
Assessment of bat and avian mortality at a pilot wind turbine at Coega, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa Doty, A., Martin, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
An Overview of Monitoring for Raptors in Bulgaria Spasov, S., Arkumarev, V., Dobrev, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Birds
Horns Rev 2 Offshore Wind Farm Bird Monitoring Program 2010-2012 Skov, H., Leonhard, S., Heinänen, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Bird and Bat Collision Risks & Wind Energy Facilities Willmott, J., Allison Costello, E., Gordon, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Environmental Effects of Hydrokinetic Turbines on Fish: Desktop and Laboratory Flume Studies Jacobson, P., Amaral, S., Castro-Santos, T. Report Marine Energy Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Fish
Strategic Joint Industry Project No.1: Bird avoidance behavior and collision impact monitoring at Offshore Windfarms Marine Scotland Science, Scottish Government, UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Regional Analysis of Wind Turbine-caused Bat and Bird Fatality: Final Report Drake, D., Schumacher, S., Sponsler, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Testing the Effectiveness of an Acoustic Deterrent for Grey Whales Along the Oregon Coast Lagerquist, B., Windsor, M., Mate, B. Report Marine Energy Collision, Entanglement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Factors Influencing Bat Activity and Mortality at a Wind Farm in the Mediterranean Region Amorim, F., Rebelo, H., Rodrigues, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Bat Fatalities at Wind Farms in North-Eastern Greece Georgiakakis, P., Kret, E., Carcamo, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Attraction Bats
Evaluation of the DTBird Video-System at the Smøla Wind-Power Plant: Detection Capabilities for Capturing Near-Turbine Avian Behaviour May, R., Hamre, Ø., Vang, R. Report Wind Energy Collision Birds
Stereo-Video Methodology for Quantitative Analysis of Fish-Turbine Interactions Hammar, L., Ehnberg, J., Eggertsen, L. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Fish
Bat fatalities at two wind farms in Tasmania, Australia: bat characteristics, and spatial and temporal patterns Hull, C., Cawthen, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Using Wind Tunnels to Predict Bird Mortality in Wind Farms: The Case of Griffon Vultures de Lucas, M., Ferrer, M., Janss, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Acoustic Monitoring Techniques for Avian Detection and Classification Mirzaei, G., Majid, M., Ross, J. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Analysis of the Argyll Array Turbine Layout Iterations in Relation to Ornithological Constraints Bullman, R., Shaylon, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Bird Migration Monitoring in the AES Geo Power Wind Park Territory, Kaliakra Region, in Autumn 2012, and Analysis of Potential Impact after Three Years' Operation Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Bat Mortalities at a Wind Energy Facility in North Dakota Bicknell, L., Gilliam, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Bat Mortality at a Wind Power Facility in Central Canada Jameson, J., Willis, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Impacts of wind farms on swans and geese: a review Rees, E. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Wind development and wildlife mitigation in Wyoming: a primer Jakle, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Evidence of Late-Summer Mating Readiness and Early Sexual Maturation in Migratory Tree-Roosting Bats Found Dead at Wind Turbines Cryan, P., Jameson, J., Baerwald, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Guidelines for Reducing Impacts to Wildlife from Wind Energy Development in Arizona Arizona Game and Fish Department Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Displaying 1161 - 1200 of 1586 results