Collision

Direct contact between an animal and a device component.

Any part of a renewable energy device that moves has the potential to have a deleterious effect on both resident and migratory organisms. Collisions between animals and tidal or wind turbine blades could result in injury or death, either by direct contact with the device or by pressure changes created around the moving parts. The probability of a collision with a blade may vary based on the rotational or mechanical speed of the moving parts, the presence and density of animals in the area, the time of day, weather conditions, and the ability of animals to sense and evade the device. Carcasses found around land-based wind turbines provide an estimate of bird and bat fatalities, while it is much more difficult to estimate the effect of collisions with offshore wind turbines. To date there have been no observed collisions of marine mammals or diving seabirds with tidal turbines. Wave energy devices also have moving parts such as heave plates, flaps, and other large heavy components that could potentially cause harm, although the likelihood is thought to be extremely small. Collisions resulting in injury and death of individual animals with moving parts of devices become particularly important if the loss of those individuals affect the stability and sustainability of the population in the area.

For more information relevant to marine energy, check out the Collision Risk Short Science Summary produced by OES-Environmental.

For more information relevant to offshore wind energy, check out the Bat and Bird Interactions with Offshore Wind Energy research brief produced by SEER.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Collision.

Total: 1586

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Estimation of Bird and Bat Mortality at Wind-Power Farms with Superpopulation Models Peron, G., Hines, J., Nichols, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Survey of Bat Mortalities at a Wind-Energy Facility in North Dakota Bicknell, L., Gilliam, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Is Male-Biased Collision Mortality of Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) in Florida Associated with Flock Behavior Folk, M., Dellinger, T., Leone, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Measuring the Interaction between Marine Features of Special Protection Areas with Offshore Wind Farm Development Sites Through Telemetry: Third Year Report Thaxter, C., Ross-Smith, V., Johnston, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Thresholds for Bats Killed by Wind Turbines Arnett, E., Barclay, R., Hein, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Application of GIS and Spatial Analysis of Golden Eagle Fatalities Caused by Wind Turbines at the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Pinger, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Report of the IWG on Wind Turbines and Bat Populations 2013 Rodrigues, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Assessing Vulnerability of Marine Bird Populations to Offshore Wind Farms Furness, R., Wade, H., Masden, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Criteria and Case Definitions for Serious Injury and Death of Pinnipeds and Cetaceans Caused by Anthropogenic Trauma Moore, M., van der Hoop, J., Barco, S. Journal Article Noise, Collision Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Estimation of bird fatalities at wind farms with complex topography and vegetation in Hokkaido, Japan Kitano, M., Shiraki, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Bat Fatality at a Wind Energy Facility in the Western Cape, South Africa Aronson, J., Thomas, A., Jordaan, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats
Effectiveness of an Operational Mitigation Experiment to Reduce Bat Fatalities at the Pinnacle Wind Farm, Mineral County, West Virginia, 2012 Hein, C., Prichard, A., Mabee, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
White-Tailed Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) at the Smøla Wind-Power Plant, Central Norway, Lack Behavioral Flight Responses to Wind Turbines Dahl, E., May, R., Hoel, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Effectiveness of Search Dogs Compared with Human Observers in Locating Bat Carcasses at Wind-Turbine Sites: A Blinded Randomized Trial Mathews, F., Swindells, M., Goodhead, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Birds and Wind Projects Across the Pond: A UK Perspective Langston, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Habitat Utilization in White-Tailed Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) and the Displacement Impact of the Smøla Wind-Power Plant May, R., Nygård, T., Dahl, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
A Description of the Biosis Model to Assess Risk of Bird Collisions with Wind Turbines Smales, I., Muir, S., Meredith, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Relating Pre-Construction Bat Activity and Post-Construction Bat Fatality to Predict Risk at Wind Energy Facilities: A Synthesis Hein, C., Gruver, J., Arnett, E. Report Collision Bats
Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm Volume 2: ES Biological Environment Dong Energy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Hatchet Ridge Wind Farm Post-Construction Mortality Monitoring Year Two Annual Report Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Modeling Carcass Removal Time for Avian Mortality Assessment in Wind Farms Using Survival Analysis Bispo, R., Bernardino, J., Marques, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
A Synthesis of Operational Mitigation Studies to Reduce Bat Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities in North America Arnett, E., Johnson, G., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Avian and Bat Assessment at the Lewes Wind Turbine University of Delaware College of Earth, Ocean and Environment Buler, J., Horton, K., Shriver, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
The New Zealand Falcon and Wind Farms: A Risk Assessment Framework Seaton, R., Barea, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Post-Construction Avian Mortality Monitoring at Project West Wind Bull, L., Fuller, S., Sim, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Avian Collisions at Two Wind Farms in Tasmania, Australia: Taxonomic and Ecological Characteristics of Colliders Versus Non-Colliders Hull, C., Stark, E., Peruzzo, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Pilot study Bat activity in the dutch offshore wind farm OWEZ and PAWP Poerink, B., Lagerveld, S., Verdaat, H. Report Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Optimizing Wind Power Generation while Minimizing Wildlife Impacts in an Urban Area Bohrer, G., Zhu, K., Jones, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Improving Methods for Estimating Fatality of Birds and Bats at Wind Energy Facilities Warren-Hicks, W., Newman, J., Wolpert, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Calculation of Wind Farm Production Losses via MERRA Data in Consequence of Bat Based Temporary Wind Turbine Shut Downs Raabe, J., Schorer, T., Junge, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Chirotech, Six years of research (2006 – 2012) Rico, P., Lagrange, H., Ughetto, A. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Response to Huso and Erickson's Comments on Novel Scavenger Removal Trials Smallwood, K., Bell, D., Karas, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Bat Evaluation Monitoring Studies at the Fowler Ridge Wind Farm Benton County, Indiana Good, R., Sonnenberg, M., Simon, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Avian Collision Threat Assessment at 'Bhambarwadi Wind Farm Plateau' in Northern Western Ghats, India Pande, S., Padhye, A., Deshpande, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Discrimination Between Parametric Survival Models for Removal Times of Bird Carcasses in Scavenger Removal Trials at Wind Turbines Sites Bispo, R., Bernardino, J., Marques, T. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
2012 Post-Construction Monitoring Study Criterion Wind Project Garrett County, Maryland Young, D., Nations, C., Lout, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds, Bats
A Comment on Novel Scavenger Removal Trials Increase Wind Turbine-Caused Avian Fatality Estimates Huso, M., Erickson, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement Booth, C., King, S., Lacey, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Marine Mammals
Searches for Dead Birds in Smøla Wind-Power Plant Area 2012: Annual Report Reitan, O. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Using Species Distribution Modelling to Predict Bat Fatality Risk at Wind Farms Santos, H., Rodrigues, L., Jones, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Bats
Displaying 1121 - 1160 of 1586 results