Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2812

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Results and Analysis of Eagle Studies from the Bluff Point and Studland Bay Wind Farms 2002-2012 Hull, C., Sims, C., Stark, E. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
First Year Post-Construction Monitoring of Bats and Birds at Wind Turbine Test Centre Østerild Therkildsen, O., Elmeros, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Animal Reactions to Oncoming Vehicles: A Conceptual Review Lima, S., Blackwell, B., DeVault, T. Journal Article Collision Marine Mammals, Birds
Reproductive output of Hen Harriers Circus cyaneus in relation to wind turbine proximity Fernandez-Bellon, D., Irwin, S., Wilson, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Renewable Energy Developments in an Uncertain World: The Case of Offshore Wind and Birds in the UK Masden, E., McCluskie, A., Owen, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Spring Flyways of Migrating Soaring Birds in Akkar, Northern Lebanon Ramadan-Jaradi, G., Ramadan-Jaradi, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Bicknell's Thrush: An Endangered Migrant in a Recovering Landscape McIntyre, E., Riordan, J. Report Birds
Birds and Wind-Energy Best-Practice Guidelines: Best-Practice Guidelines for Assessing and Monitoring the Impact of Wind Energy Facilities on Birds in Southern Africa Jenkins, A., van Rooyen, C., Smallie, J. Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
The Avoidance Rates of Collision Between Birds and Offshore Turbines Cook, A., Humphreys, E., Masden, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Empirical Evidence for Factors Affecting Searcher Efficiency and Scavenging Rates at a Coastal, Terrestrial Wind-Power Facility Peters, K., Mizrahi, D., Allen, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Common Raven Occurrence in Relation to Energy Transmission Line Corridors Transiting Human-Altered Sagebrush Steppe Coates, P., Howe, K., Casazza, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Assessing the Influence of Wind Turbines and Land-use on Mortality Risk of Avian Species on the Llano Estacado with Emphasis on Birds of Prey Linner, K. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Assessment of Fish and Wildlife Presence Near Two River Instream Energy Conversion Devices in the Kvichak River, Alaska in 2014 Nemeth, M., Priest, J., Patterson, H. Report Marine Energy, Riverine Birds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Terrestrial Mammals
An Evaluation of the Use of Shore-Based Surveys for Estimating Spatial Overlap between Deep-Diving Seabirds and Tidal Stream Turbines Waggitt, J., Bell, P., Scott, B. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Birds
Nest Survival of Red-Winged Blackbirds in Agricultural Areas Developed for Wind Energy Gillespie, M., Dinsmore, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Passerines, Birds
Study of the Wildlife of Jhimpir Wind Corridor, District Thatta, Sindh and Development of Bird Monitoring Strategy in the Area Ghalib, S., Khan, M., Ahmed, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Maps of SPA breeding seabird foraging ranges Scottish Natural Heritage Presentation Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Final Environmental Assessment Horton, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Aquamarine Power Appropriate Assessment Aquamarine Power Ltd Report Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy for Invenergy's Pleasant Ridge Wind Project Invenergy Canada Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Understanding Bird Collisions at Wind Farms: An Updated Review on the Causes and Possible Mitigation Strategies Marques, A., Batalha, H., Rodrigues, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Warning Sounds and Color for Reducing Bird and Bat Mortality at Wind Turbines Khan, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Strategic assessment of collision risk of Scottish offshore wind farms to migrating birds Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust (WWT) Journal Article Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Wind and Wildlife Fauna Collisions with Wind Turbines: Effects and Impacts, Individuals and Populations. What Are We Trying to Assess? Smales, I. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Analysis of the Overlap between Priority Greater Sage-Grouse Habitats and Existing and Potential Energy Development Across the West: Final Report LeBeau, C., Fruhwirth, J., Boehrs, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Evidence of Negative Effects of Anthropogenic Structures on Wildlife: A Review of Grouse Survival and Behaviour Hovick, T., Elmore, R., Dahlgren, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
A Special Purpose: The Migratory Bird Treaty Act and Wind Energy Rose, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
What Flight Heights Tell Us About Foraging and Potential Conflicts with Wind Farms: A Case Study in Lesser Black-Backed Gulls (Larus fuscus) Corman, A., Garthe, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Seabirds, Birds
Effect of Wind Turbine Proximity on Nesting Success in Shrub-nesting Birds Bennett, V., Hale, A., Karsten, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Great Skua (Stercorarius skua) Movements at Sea in Relation to Marine Renewable Energy Developments Wade, H., Masden, E., Jackson, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
The challenges and possible solutions of horizontal axis wind turbines as a clean energy solution for the future Ahmed, N., Cameron, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Bats, Birds
Parc éolien en mer de St Nazaire : Analyse complémentaire des impacts sur le Goéland marin (Larus marinus) McGregor, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
A Comprehensive Analysis of Small-Passerine Fatalities from Collision with Turbines at Wind Energy Facilities Erickson, W., Wolfe, M., Bay, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Assessing Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms: Lessons Learned and Recommendations for the Future Bailey, H., Brookes, K., Thompson, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Marine Mammals, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Mapping Seabird Sensitivity to Offshore Wind Farms Bradbury, G., Trinder, M., Furness, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Modelling Foraging Movements of Diving Predators: A Theoretical Study Exploring the Effect of Heterogeneous Landscapes on Foraging Efficiency Chimienti, M., Bartoń, K., Scott, B. Journal Article Habitat Change Birds
Projet de Parc éolien en Mer de Saint- Nazaire. Diagnostic « chauves-souris » Etienne, O., Matthieu, F. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Diagnostic environnemental 2013-2014 pour le groupe avifaune et évaluation du risque d’impact dans le cadre du projet de parc éolien en mer de Saint- Nazaire. Matthieu, F., Benjamin, C., Franck, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Wind Farms on Birds and Bats Atienza, J., Martín-Fierro, I., Infante, O. Report Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Implications for Offshore Wind Farm Ornithological Cumulative Impact Assessment: How the Manipulation of Density and Breeding Season Parameters Affects the Outcomes of Collision Risk Modelling Tongue, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Displaying 1641 - 1680 of 2812 results