Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2731

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Modelling Foraging Movements of Diving Predators: A Theoretical Study Exploring the Effect of Heterogeneous Landscapes on Foraging Efficiency Chimienti, M., Bartoń, K., Scott, B. Journal Article Habitat Change Birds
Mapping Seabird Sensitivity to Offshore Wind Farms Bradbury, G., Trinder, M., Furness, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Implications for Offshore Wind Farm Ornithological Cumulative Impact Assessment: How the Manipulation of Density and Breeding Season Parameters Affects the Outcomes of Collision Risk Modelling Tongue, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Projet de Parc éolien en Mer de Saint- Nazaire. Diagnostic « chauves-souris » Etienne, O., Matthieu, F. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Wind Farms on Birds and Bats Atienza, J., Martín-Fierro, I., Infante, O. Report Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Diagnostic environnemental 2013-2014 pour le groupe avifaune et évaluation du risque d’impact dans le cadre du projet de parc éolien en mer de Saint- Nazaire. Matthieu, F., Benjamin, C., Franck, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Historical Challenges of Wind Energy/Wildlife Interactions: How This May Affect Distributed Wind Sinclair, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
No evidence of displacement due to wind turbines in breeding grassland birds Hale, A., Hatchett, E., Meyer, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Displacement Birds, Passerines, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Assessing Bat and Bird Fatality Risk at Wind Farm Sites using Acoustic Detectors Heist, K. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
EMEC Fall of Warness Test Site: Environmental Appraisal European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) Report Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
No Evidence of Displacement due to Wind Turbines in Breeding Grassland Songbirds Hale, A., Hatchett, E., Meyer, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds
Strategic Surveys of Seabirds off the West Coast of Lewis to Determine Use of Seaspace in Areas of Potential Marine Renewable Energy Developments Simpson, M., Woodward, R. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Avoidance Behaviour of Birds around Offshore Wind Farms: Overview of Knowledge Including Effects of Configuration Krijgsveld, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Assessing the Vulnerability of the Marine Bird Community in the Western North Sea to Climate Change and Other Anthropogenic Impacts Burthe, S., Wanless, S., Newell, M. Journal Article Marine Energy Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes
Home Range and Resource Selection by GPS-Monitored Adult Golden Eagles in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion: Implications for Wind Power Development Watson, J., Duff, A., Davies, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Raptors, Birds
Windpark Mermaid Milieueffectenrapport International Marine and Dredging Consultants Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
A Historical Perspective of Wind-Wildlife Challenges: How this May Affect Distributed Wind Sinclair, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Bats
Waterbirds in the UK 2012/13: The annual report of the Wetland Bird Survey Austin, G.E., Calbrade, N.A., Mellan, H.J. Report Marine Energy Birds
Lake Michigan Offshore Wind Feasibility Assessment Boezaart, A., Edmonson, J., Standridge, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
Developing High-Resolution Spatial Data of Migration Corridors for Avian Species of Concern in Regions of High Potential Wind Development Katzner, T. Report Wind Energy Raptors, Birds
Fuzzy Clustering in Avian Infrared Imagery Application Mirzaei, G., Ross, J., Jamali, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project One: UPDATED IN-COMBINATION AUK DISPLACEMENT NOTE Jenner, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Avian and Bat Survey Protocols For Large Wind Energy Conversion Systems in Minnesota Mixon, K., Schrenzel, J., Pile, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Assessing Northern Gannet Avoidance of Offshore Windfarms Rehfisch, M., Barrett, Z., Brown, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Seabirds, Birds
Lalamilo Wind Farm Repowering Project: Draft Environmental Assessment Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Birds/bats movement tracking with IR camera for wind farm applications Wei, L., Mirzaei, G., Majid, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Searches for Dead Birds in Smøla Wind-Power Plant Area 2011-2013 Reitan, O. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Wind Farms Threaten Southern Africa's Cliff-Nesting Vultures Rushworth, I., Kruger, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Grande Prairie Wind Farm Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
D4.17 Report on environmental monitoring protocols Magagna, D., Lauri, C., Butler, M. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Statistical Modelling of Seabird and Cetacean Data: Literature Review Oedekoven, C., Mackenzie, L., Scott-Hayward, L. Report Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Birds
A Review of Marine Bird Diving Behaviour: Assessing Underwater Collision Risk with Tidal Turbines Robbins, A., Thaxter, C., Cook, A. Presentation Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Integration of passive acoustic monitoring data into OBIS-SEAMAP, a global biogeographic database, to advance spatially-explicit ecological assessments Fujioka, E., Soldevilla, M., Read, A. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Final Site-Wide Environmental Assessment Department of Energy's National Wind Technology Center Golden, Colorado at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
EMEC Billia Croo Wave Test Site: Wildlife Observations Project Annual Report Marine Scotland Science Report Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Applying bioacoustic methods for long-term monitoring of a nocturnal wetland bird Frommolt, K., Tauchert, K. Journal Article Birds
Integrating Aerial and Ship Surveys of Marine Birds into a Combined Density Surface Model: A Case Study of Wintering Common Loons Winiarski, K., Burt, M., Rexstad, E. Journal Article Birds
EMEC Fall of Warness Tidal Test Site: Wildlife Observations Project Annual Report Marine Scotland Science Report Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Hatchet Ridge Wind Farm Post-Construction Mortality Monitoring Comprehensive Three Year Report Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Monitoreo de aves y murciélagos en la zona potencial para el desarrollo de un parque eólico en el área de Hipólito, General Cepeda, Coahuila Guzmán-Velasco, A., González-Rojas, J. I., Ruvalcaba-Ortega, I. Report Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Displaying 1601 - 1640 of 2731 results