Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2812

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Wind and Wildlife: Siting Issues and Challenges Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals, Fish, Birds, Bats
Migration of Franklin's Gull (Leucophaeus pipixcan) and its Variable Annual Risk from Wind Power Facilities Across the Tehuantepec Isthmus Villegas-Patraca, R., Herrera-Alsina, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Effectiveness of operational mitigation in reducing bat mortality and an assessment of bat and bird fatalities at the Sheffield Wind Facility, Vermont Martin, C. Thesis Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Classification of Birds and Bats Using Flight Tracks Cullinan, V., Matzner, S., Duberstein, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds
Responses of Male Greater Prairie-Chickens to Wind Energy Development Winder, V., Gregory, A., McNew, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Seabird Flight Behavior and Height in Response to Altered Wind Strength and Direction Ainley, D., Porzig, E., Zajanc, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Recommendations for distances of wind turbines to important areas for birds as well as breeding sites of selected bird species Working Group of German State Bird Conservancies Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Underpinning the precautionary principle with evidence: A spatial concept for guiding wind power development in endangered species' habitats Braunisch, V., Coppes, J., Bachle, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Reprioritizing Avian Conservation Efforts DeVault, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Insufficient Sampling to Identify Species Affected by Turbine Collisions Beston, J., Diffendorfer, J., Loss, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Environmental Statement Non Technical Summary Statoil Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Navigation, Visual Impacts
Monitoring of Wintering Geese in the AES Geo Energy Wind Farm "St Nikola" Territory and the Kaliakra Region in Winter 2014/2015 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Waterfowl, Birds
Ecological Impacts of Wind Farms on Birds: Questions, Hypotheses, and Research Needs Wang, S., Smith, P. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Proceedings of the Wind-Wildlife Research Meeting X PNWWRM X Conference Paper Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Seabirds and Marine Mammals Technical Report Xodus Group, Natural Research Ltd Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Marine Mammals
Design and Testing of an Integrated Wildlife-Wind Turbine Interactions Detection System Flowers, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Iteration cycle: Dealing with peaks in counts of birds following active fishing vessels when assessing cumulative effects of offshore wind farms and other human activities in the Southern North Sea Leopold, M., Collier, M., Gyimesi, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Wildlife Impacts of and Public Attitudes Towards Small Wind Turbines Tatchley, C. Thesis Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
Developing a Habitat Loss Method for Assessing Displacement Impacts from Offshore Wind Farms Busch, M., Buisson, R., Barrett, Z. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Seabirds, Birds
Beware the Boojum: Caveats and Strengths of Avian Radar Beason, R., Nohara, T., Weber, P. Journal Article Birds
Limited Impact of a Small Residential Wind Turbine on Birds on an Off-Shore Island in Maine Morris, S., Stumpe, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Estimates and Correlates of Bird and Bat Mortality at Small Wind Turbine Sites Minderman, J., Fuentes-Montemayor, E., Pearce-Higgins, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Analysis of Wind Farm Effects on the Surrounding Environment: Assessing Population Trends of Breeding Passerines Garcia, D., Canavero, G., Ardenghi, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Loch Linnhe and Firth of Lorn MASTS Case Study Workshop Report Berx, B., Gallego, A., Heath, M. Report Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Approaching birds with drones: first experiments and ethical guidelines Vas, E., Lescroel, A., Duriez, O. Journal Article Birds
Mitigating Wind-Turbine Induced Avian Mortality: Sensory, Aerodynamic and Cognitive Constraints and Options May, R., Reitan, O., Bevanger, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Deriving an Avoidance Rate for Swans Suitable for Onshore Wind Farm Collision Risk Modelling Whitfield, D., Urquhart, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Bird Sensitivity Mapping for Wind Energy Developments and Associated Infrastructure in the Republic of Ireland McGuiness, S., Muldoon, C., Tierney, N. Report Wind Energy Birds
Framework for Assessing Ecological and Cumulative Effects of Offshore Wind Farms: A First Approach to Deal with Cumulative Effects on Birds and Bats of Offshore Wind Farms and Other Human Activities in the Southern North Sea Leopold, M., Boonman, M., Collier, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Bats
A first approach to deal with cumulative effects on birds and bats of offshore wind farms and other human activities in the Southern North Sea Leopold, M., Boonman, M., Collier, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Seabirds
Birds and Wind-Energy Best-Practice Guidelines: Best-Practice Guidelines for Assessing and Monitoring the Impact of Wind Energy Facilities on Birds in Southern Africa Jenkins, A., van Rooyen, C., Smallie, J. Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Fauna Collisions with Wind Turbines: Effects and Impacts, Individuals and Populations. What Are We Trying to Assess? Smales, I. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Predicting the Weather-Dependent Collision Risk for Birds at Wind Farms Skov, H., Heinänen, S. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Biodiversity & Wind Energy: A Bird's and Bat's Perspective Mascarenhas, M., Bernardino, J., Paula, A. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Review and guidance on use of “shutdown-on-demand” for wind turbines to conserve migrating soaring birds in the Rift Valley/Red Sea Flyway BirdLife International Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Pelagic Seabirds off the East Coast of the United States 2008-2013 Veit, R., Goyert, H., White, T. Report Birds, Seabirds
Environmental Risk Evaluation System - An Approach to Ranking Risk of Ocean Energy Development on Coastal and Estuarine Environments Copping, A., Hanna, L., Van Cleve, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Wave, Tidal, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Chemicals, Changes in Flow, Avoidance, Attraction Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
Do Raptors React to Ultraviolet Light? Hunt, W., McClure, C., Allison, T. Journal Article Lighting Birds, Raptors
Collision, Displacement and Barrier Effect Concept Note Humphreys, E., Cook, S., Burton, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Human Dimensions
Adaptable Monitoring Package (AMP) Polagye, B., Stewart, A., Joslin, J. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Displaying 1601 - 1640 of 2812 results