Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2731

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Year 2 Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Monthly Report (Year 2): May I 2021 Arundale, M., Warford, S., Willmott, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals
Environmental and seasonal correlates of capercaillie movement traits in a Swedish wind farm Kämmerle, J., Taubmann, J., Andrén, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
RAPPORT D’ACTIVITÉ MR10 ANNÉE N+1 MAZIERE, H., Le Guen, M., LABORIE, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Ecological Baseline Studies of the US Outer Continental Shelf Willmot, J., Forcey, G., Vukovich, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Wind Turbine Interactions with Wildlife and Their Habitats: A Summary of Research Results and Priority Questions (2021 Update) American Wind Wildlife Institute (AWWI) Report Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Document cadre de la MR9 Réduire les dérangements de la halte migratoire du Puffin des Baléares Sadoul, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
A roadmap towards quantitative cumulative impact assessments: Every step of the way Piet, G., Tamis, J., Volwater, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Marine Evidence packages ABP Marine Environmental Research Ltd (ABPmer) Webpage Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Abundance and behavior of little egrets (Egretta garzetta) near an onshore wind farm in Chongming Dongtan, China Xu, H., Zhao, S., Song, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Waterfowl
Non-territorial GPS-tagged golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos at two Scottish wind farms: Avoidance influenced by preferred habitat distribution, wind speed and blade motion status Fielding, A., Anderson, D., Benn, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Post-fledging movements, mortality and migration of juvenile northern gannets Lane, J., Pollock, C., Jeavons, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Seabirds
Short Science Summary: White Storks in Europe Onshore Wind Energy WREN, Münter, L., Ferrer, M. Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Land-Based Wind Energy Siting: A Foundational and Technical Resource Christol, C., Oteri, F., Laurienti, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Multispecies tracking reveals a major seabird hotspot in the North Atlantic Davies, T., Carneiro, A., Tarzia, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Modeling At-Sea Density of Marine Birds to Support Renewable Energy Planning on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf of the Contiguous United States Leirness, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations (2021 Revision) Horwath, S., Hassrick, J., Grismala, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Reptiles
Eagles enter rotor-swept zones of wind turbines at rates that vary per turbine McClure, C., Rolek, B., Braham, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
A bird of two hemispheres: An examination of Swainson’s hawk (Buteo swainsoni) ecology across a landscape of increasing wind energy development Watson, K. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Reducing bird collision risk per megawatt by introducing longer wind turbine blades Shimada, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Global offshore wind turbine dataset Zhang, T., Sengupta, D., Zhang, L. Journal Article Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning
Bird Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Cook, A., Williams, K., Jenkins, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Draft Preliminary Environmental Assessment: Vandenberg Offshore Wind Energy Projects California State Lands Commission Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts
Review of monitoring methodologies and technologies, suitable for deployment in high energy environments in Wales, to monitor animal interactions with tidal energy devices Clarke, D., Bertelli, C., Cole, E. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Changes in flight paths of large-bodied birds after construction of large terrestrial wind turbines Therkildsen, O., Balsby, T., Kjeldsen, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Evidence of Absence Regression: A Binomial N-Mixture Model for Estimating Bird and Bat Fatalities at Wind Power Facilities McDonald, T., Bay, K., Studyvin, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
How well does IdentiFlight protect the red kite (Milvus milvus)? Reichenbach, M., Reers, H., Greule, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Wie gut schützt IdentiFlight den Rotmilan (Milvus milvus)? Untersuchungen zur Wirksamkeit eines Kamerasystems zum Schutz vor Kollisionen an Windenergieanlagen Reichenbach, M., Reers, H., Greule, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Conservation Organizations Comments on June 21, 2021 OSW Workshop Cullum, L., Hislop, K., Aylesworth, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Marine Mammals
Tidal stream use by black guillemots Cepphus grylle in relation to a marine renewable energy development Johnston, D., Furness, R., Robbins, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Modeling Small Scale Impacts of Multi-Purpose Platforms: An Ecosystem Approach Serpetti, N., Benjamins, S., Brain, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Environmental impacts of offshore wind installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning activities: A case study of Brazil Hernández Carrascal, O., Shadman, M., Amiri, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
No evidence of increased fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) due to wind turbines Coppes, J., Kämmerle, J., Grunschachner-Berger, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Estudio de la viabilidad económica y energética de la construcción de un parque eólico offshore en el litoral español. Benich, U. Thesis Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Birds
Migrating whooping cranes avoid wind-energy infrastructure when selecting stopover habitat Pearse, A., Metzger, K., Brandt, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Shorebirds
BirdLife Position on Renewable Energy at Sea and nature conservation BirdLife International Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Wind turbine event detection by support vector machine Hu, C., Albertani, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Renewable energy production in a Mexican biosphere reserve: Assessing the potential using a multidisciplinary approach Wojtarowski, A., Martinez, M., Silva, R. Journal Article Marine Energy, Salinity Gradient Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Birds of Conservation Concern 2021 US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Report Birds
Assessing the effect of wind farms in fauna with a mathematical model Roman, P., Salinas, C., Araujo, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Demographic and potential biological removal models identify raptor species sensitive to current and future wind energy Diffendorfer, J., Stanton, J., Beston, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Displaying 681 - 720 of 2731 results