Land-Based Wind

Capturing energy from onshore wind.

Land-based wind energy technologies harness kinetic energy from the wind to generate electricity. While wind energy is very abundant in many parts of the world, wind resource development may compete with other land uses and have the potential to negatively impact birds and bats, terrestrial mammals, and the physical environment overall.

The greatest environmental concern with land-based wind is collision risk for birds and bats. The construction and maintenance process can alter the physical environment by destroying or fragmenting key habitats. There are also concerns about noise and visual impacts to both the environment and people. Effects of transmission lines are also a consideration as they produce an electromagnetic field that may be harmful to some organisms. Additionally, changes in flow may also be a concern, with large wind farms potentially causing large-scale atmospheric changes.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents Related to Land-Based Wind

Total results: 2135
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Turbines and Terrestrial Vertebrates: Variation in Tortoise Survivorship Between a Wind Energy Facility and an Adjacent Undisturbed Wildland Area in the Desert Southwest (USA) Agha, M., Lovich, J., Ennen, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Deerfield Wind Black Bear Study Update: August, 2015 Interim Report Comeau, J., Hammond, F. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
Evaluation of the Impact of Wind Farms on Birds: The Case Study of Lebanon Al Zohbi, G., Hendrick, P., Bouillard, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Co-Creation of Individual-Based Models by Practitioners and Modellers to Inform Environmental Decision-Making Wood, K., Stillman, R., Goss-Custard, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions
Using Spatial Analyses of Bearded Vulture Movements in Southern Africa to Inform Wind Turbine Placement Reid, T., Kruger, S., Whitfield, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Seasonally-Dynamic Presence-Only Species Distribution Models for a Cryptic Migratory Bat Impacted by Wind Energy Development Hayes, M., Cryan, P., Wunder, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Mortality Monitoring at the Alta Wind Energy Center, Phase X, Kern County, California. Final Report for the First Year of Operation: March 2014 – March 2015 Chatfield, A., Levenstein, K., DiDonato, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
A Collision Risk Model to Predict Avian Fatalities at Wind Facilities: An Example Using Golden Eagles, Aquila chrysaetos New, L., Bjerre, M., Millsap, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
ACME: A Partially Periodic Estimator of Avian & Chiropteran Mortality at Wind Turbines Wolpert, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Action on Multiple Fronts, Illegal Poisoning and Wind Farm Planning, is Required to Reverse the Decline of the Egyptian Vulture in Southern Spain Sanz-Aguilar, A., Sanchez-Zapata, J., Carrete, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Guía para la Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental de Parques Eólicos Ministerio de Vivienda, Ordenamiento Territorial y Medio Ambiente de Uruguay, Direccion Nacional de Medio Ambiente de Uruguay Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Environmental Impact Assessment
Decision Support Requirements for Wind Farm Placement Planning in Alberta Adagha, O., Carpendale, S., Levy, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Wind energy in the city: An interurban comparison of social acceptance of wind energy projects Khorsand, I., Kormos, C., MacDonald, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Estimating Wind-Turbine Caused Bird and Bat Fatality when Zero Carcasses are Observed Huso, M., Dalthorp, D., Dail, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Do Habitat Characteristics Determine Mortality Risk for Bats at Wind Farms? Modelling Susceptible Species Activity Patterns and Anticipating Possible Mortality Events Ferreira, D., Freixo, C., Cabral, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
See me, Feel me, Touch me, Heal me: Wind turbines, culture, landscapes, and sound impressions Firestone, J., Bates, A., Knapp, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Game Birds do not Surrogate for Raptors in Trials to Calibrate Observed Raptor Collision Fatalities Urquhart, B., Hulka, S., Duffy, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Sage grouse war tests limits of partnership in West Lavelle, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Soundscape Analysis and Wildlife Presence in the Vicinity of a Wind Turbine Florentin, J., Fauville, B., Gerard, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise
Wide Reach of Migratory Bird Treaty Act for Energy Projects Rosen, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Ecological Monitoring using Wildlife Detection Dogs: Bat Carcass Searches at the Wanlip Wind Turbine Stanhope, K. Magazine Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Regional Analysis of Wind Turbine-Caused Bat Mortality Drake, D., Jennelle, C., Liu, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Observation of Sandhill Cranes' (Grus canadensis) Flight Behavior in Heavy Fog Kirsch, E., Wellik, M., Suarez, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
A GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Evaluation for Wind Farm Site Selection: A Regional Scale Application in Greece Latinopoulos, D., Kechagia, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Repowering Smøla Wind-Power Plant: An Assessment of Avian Conflicts Dahl, E., May, R., Nygård, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Raptors, Birds
Home in the heat: Dramatic seasonal variation in home range of desert golden eagles informs management for renewable energy development Braham, M., Miller, T., Duerr, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors
Reindeer and windpower Skarin, A., Nellemann, C., Sandström, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Terrestrial Mammals
Evaluating the Regional Cumulative Impact of Wind Farms on Birds: How can Spatially Explicit Dynamic Modelling Improve Impact Assessments and Monitoring? Bastos, R., Pinhanços, A., Santos, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Passerines, Birds
Moving Towards Best Practice for Bird Mortality Mitigation in Wind Power Planning, Sweden McNally, R. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Foraging Range and Habitat use by Cape Vulture Gyps coprotheres from the Msikaba Colony, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa Pfeiffer, M., Venter, J., Downs, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Investigation of the Effectiveness of Bat and Bird Detection of the DTBat and DTBird Systems at Calandawind Turbine - Final Report Hanagasioglu, M., Aschwanden, J., Bontadina, F. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Modeling autumn migration of a rare soaring raptor identifies new movement corridors in central Appalachia Dennhardt, A., Duerr, A., Brandes, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Responses of Male Greater Prairie-Chickens to Wind Energy Development Winder, V., Gregory, A., McNew, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Environmental and Ecological Impacts of Wind Energy on Humans: Public Health Issues Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Lighting, Noise Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Economic Impacts and Benefits of Wind Energy Projects and Other Sources of Electric Generation Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Migration of Franklin's Gull (Leucophaeus pipixcan) and its Variable Annual Risk from Wind Power Facilities Across the Tehuantepec Isthmus Villegas-Patraca, R., Herrera-Alsina, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Overview of Issues Faced by Wind Energy Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind
Wind Energy's Impact on Aviation, Radar, and Telecommunications Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind EMF Navigation, Human Dimensions
Behavior of the Hawaiian Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) at Wind Turbines and its Distribution Across the North Ko'olau Mountains, O'ahu Gorresen, P., Cryan, P., Huso, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Environmental and Ecological Impacts of Wind Energy on Humans: Public and Workforce Safety Issues Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind
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