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Collision

Birds flying past a wind turbine farm
Direct contact between an animal and a device component.

Any part of a renewable energy device that moves has the potential to have a deleterious effect on both resident and migratory organisms. Collisions between animals and tidal or wind turbine blades could result in injury or death, either by direct contact with the device or by pressure changes created around the moving parts. The probability of a collision with a blade may vary based on the rotational or mechanical speed of the moving parts, the presence and density of animals in the area, the time of day, weather conditions, and the ability of animals to sense and evade the device. Carcasses found around land-based wind turbines provide an estimate of bird and bat fatalities, while it is much more difficult to estimate the effect of collisions with offshore wind turbines. To date there have been no observed collisions of marine mammals or diving seabirds with tidal turbines. Wave energy devices also have moving parts such as heave plates, flaps, and other large heavy components that could potentially cause harm, although the likelihood is thought to be extremely small. Collisions resulting in injury and death of individual animals with moving parts of devices become particularly important if the loss of those individuals affect the stability and sustainability of the population in the area.

For more information relevant to marine energy, check out the Collision Risk Short Science Summary produced by OES-Environmental.

For more information relevant to offshore wind energy, check out the Bat and Bird Interactions with Offshore Wind Energy research brief produced by SEER.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Collision.

Total: 1695

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Eagle Conservation Plan for the Goodnoe Hills Wind Facility Klickitat County, Washington Western Ecosystems Technology Inc (WEST) Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Development of a 'Seabird Sensitivity Mapping Tool for Scotland' Searle, K., Butler, A., Mobbs, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Draft Sectoral Marine Plan for Offshore Wind Energy consultation APS Group Scotland Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Better estimates of collision mortality to black-legged kittiwakes at offshore windfarms Black, J., Cook, A., Anderson, O. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Vertical Distribution of Juvenile Salmon in a Large Turbid River Jump, S., Courtney, M., Seitz, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Riverine Collision, Habitat Change Fish
Weather-dependence of nocturnal bird migration and cumulative collision risk at offshore wind farms in the German North and Baltic Seas Welcker, J., Vilela, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Activity and behaviour of Nathusius' pipistrelle Pipistrellus nathusii at low and high altitude in a North Sea offshore wind farm Brabant, R., Laurent, Y., Poerink, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Quantifying fish-turbine interactions using VEMCO's new high residency acoustic electronic tagging technology McLean, M., Sanderson, B., Lilly, J. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Fish
An agent-based model to predict fish collisions with tidal stream turbines Rossington, K., Benson, T. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Fish
Evaluation of an Acoustic Deterrent to Reduce Bat Mortalities at an Illinois Wind Farm Romano, W., Skalski, J., Townsend, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Monitoring of the migration of birds through the territory of the Integrated System for Protection of Birds, Аutumn 2019 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
B-Finder System: 24 Month Test Report for T-Series Przybycin, P., Przybycin, M., Przybycin, J. Report Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Avian vulnerability to wind farm collision through the year: insights from Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus) tracked from multiple breeding colonies Thaxter, C., Ross-Smith, V., Bouten, W. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Influence of landscape and time of year on bat-wind turbines collision risks Roemer, C., Bas, Y., Disca, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Collision risk of Montagu's Harriers Circus pygargus with wind turbines derived from high-resolution GPS tracking Schaub, T., Klaassen, R., Bouten, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Monitoring of spring bird migration in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds 2019 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Validation of a bird radar system: A guidance document Beuker, D., Bravo Rebolledo, E., Gyimesi, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Monitoring radar performance data collection and data quality Leemans, J., Gyimesi, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Interaction of Marine Renewable Energy and Marine Organisms: Active Acoustic Assessment Williamson, B., Fraser, S., Nikora, V. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Fish
Post - Construction Studies for the Spion Kop Wind Farm Project in Judith Basin County, Montana Linnell, K., Smucker, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision
Auditory performance in bald eagles and red-tailed hawks: a comparative study of hearing in diurnal raptors McGee, J., Nelson, P., Ponder, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Salmonid response to a vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine in a stream aquarium Berry, M., Sundberg, J., Francisco, F. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Fish, Pelagic Fish
Developing a science-based approach to defining key species of birds and bats of concern for wind farm developments in Victoria Lumsden, L., Moloney, P., Smales, I. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds
Impacts to Wildlife of Wind Energy Siting and Operation in the United States Allison, T., Diffendorfer, J., Baerwald, E. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Offshore wind farms and their effects on birds Fox, A., Petersen, I-K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Evaluation of bird detection efficiency of ProBird: tracking missed detection and false positives Lagrange, H., Rico, P. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Seabirds
Predictable shorebird departure patterns from a staging site can inform collision risks and mitigation of wind energy developments Howell, J., McKellar, A., Espie, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Shorebirds
Advanced Environmental Monitoring for Marine Renewable Energy Cotter, E. Thesis Ocean Current, Wave Collision, Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Understanding Wind Energy Impacts to Bats and Testing Reduction Strategies in South Texas Weaver, S. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
The impact of wind energy facilities on grouse: a systematic review Coppes, J., Braunisch, V., Bollmann, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 4. Offshore: Monitoring and Mitigation Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Monitoring of spring bird migration in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Wind turbines in high quality habitat cause disproportionate increases in collision mortality of the white-tailed eagle Heuck, C., Herrmann, C., Levers, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Development of the information system for forecasting collision between birds and wind farms Osadchyi, V., Siokhin, V., Gorlov, P. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines
Red bat fatality: Geographic extents through deuterium and niche models Murtaugh, R., Capparella, A., Kostelnick, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
A Methodology to Assess the National and Regional Impacts of U.S. Wind Energy Development on Birds and Bats Diffendorfer, J., Beston, J., Merrill, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Harnessing the Wind: How to Advance Wind Power Offshore Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Noise
Over or under? Autonomous sensor fish reveals why overshot weirs may be safer than undershot weirs for fish passage Pflugrath, B., Boys, C., Cathers, B. Journal Article Riverine, Marine Energy Collision Fish
The consequences of seabird habitat loss from offshore wind turbines, version 2 van Kooten, T., Soudijn, F., Tulp, I. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
STREEM: Sensor Testing Research for Environmental Effects Monitoring Sanderson, B., Adams, M., Redden, A. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Fish

Displaying 761 - 800 of 1695 results