Collision

Direct contact between an animal and a device component.

Any part of a renewable energy device that moves has the potential to have a deleterious effect on both resident and migratory organisms. Collisions between animals and tidal or wind turbine blades could result in injury or death, either by direct contact with the device or by pressure changes created around the moving parts. The probability of a collision with a blade may vary based on the rotational or mechanical speed of the moving parts, the presence and density of animals in the area, the time of day, weather conditions, and the ability of animals to sense and evade the device. Carcasses found around land-based wind turbines provide an estimate of bird and bat fatalities, while it is much more difficult to estimate the effect of collisions with offshore wind turbines. To date there have been no observed collisions of marine mammals or diving seabirds with tidal turbines. Wave energy devices also have moving parts such as heave plates, flaps, and other large heavy components that could potentially cause harm, although the likelihood is thought to be extremely small. Collisions resulting in injury and death of individual animals with moving parts of devices become particularly important if the loss of those individuals affect the stability and sustainability of the population in the area.

For more information relevant to marine energy, check out the Collision Risk Short Science Summary produced by OES-Environmental.

For more information relevant to offshore wind energy, check out the Bat and Bird Interactions with Offshore Wind Energy research brief produced by SEER.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Collision.

Total: 1586

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Testing and Evaluation of "SafeWind" A Bird Protection System Soni, B., Loske, K., Lackmann, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Assessing the effects of tidal stream marine renewable energy on seabirds: A conceptual framework Isaksson, N., Masden, E., Williamson, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Final Report on the Impacts of Wind Energy Development on Birds in the Region of Kaliakra, Bulgaria (Activity 3) Schindler, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Paint it black: Efficacy of increased wind turbine rotor blade visibility to reduce avian fatalities May, R., Nygård, T., Falkdalen, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl
On a collision course? The large diversity of birds killed by wind turbines in South Africa Perold, V., Ralston-Paton, S., Ryan, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Sex- but not age-biased wind turbine collision mortality in the White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla Heuck, C., Herrmann, C., Wendt, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Unpacking the eagle collision risk model: practical guidance for wind energy Evans, M., Sporer, M., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Wind Turbine Interactions with Wildlife and Their Habitats: A Summary of Research Results and Priority Questions (2020 Update) American Wind Wildlife Institute (AWWI) Report Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Monitoring of spring bird migration in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds 2020 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Mortality limits used in wind energy impact assessment underestimate impacts of wind farms on bird populations Schippers, P., Buij, R., Schotman, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Dogs detect larger wind energy effects on bats and birds Smallwood, K., Bell, D., Standish, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Black Harriers and Wind Energy: Guidelines for impact assessment, monitoring and mitigation Simmons, R., Ralston-Paton, S., Colyn, R. Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Impact of wind energy development on birds and bats: the case of Adama wind farm, Central Ethiopia Tesfahunegny, W., Datiko, D., Wale, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
High-Resolution Modeling of Uplift Landscapes can Inform Micrositing of Wind Turbines for Soaring Raptors Hanssen, F., May, R., Nygård, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Experimental investigation of aerodynamic characteristics of bat carcasses after collision with a wind turbine Prakash, S., Markfort, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
Genetic Approaches Are Necessary to Accurately Understand Bat-Wind Turbine Impacts Chipps, A., Hale, A., Weaver, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
Short Science Summary 2020: Collision Risk OES-Environmental Summary Marine Energy, Tidal Collision
Integrating Wind Turbines and Fish Farms: An Evaluation of Potential Risks to Marine and Coastal Bird Species Benjamins, S., Masden, E., Collu, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Deep learning–based automatic bird identification system for offshore wind farms Niemi, J., Tanttu, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Assessing the spatial distribution of avian collision risks at wind turbine structures in Brandenburg, Germany Bose, A., Durr, T., Klenke, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Bat Activity Rates do not Predict Bat Fatality Rates at Wind Energy Facilities Solick, D., Pham, D., Nasman, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Prediction and measurement of high intensity bird migration using meteorological radar data in Eemshaven windpark Shinneman, S., van Loon, E., Wijers, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Wildlife and infrastructure: impact of wind turbines on bats in the Black Sea coast region Mantoui, D., Kravchenko, K., Lehnert, L. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
Survival rates of birds for use in population models Collier, M., Courtens, W., van Daele, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Review of Available Models for Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Buenau, K., Garavelli, L., Hemery, L. Report Marine Energy Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise
Black-legged kittiwake population dynamics and drivers of population change in the context of offshore wind development Ruffino, L., Thompson, D., O'Brien, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Risk Retirement for Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Copping, A., Freeman, M., Overhus, D. Report Marine Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Effect of tower base painting on willow ptarmigan collision rates with wind turbines Stokke, B., Nygård, T., Falkdalen, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Initial Environmental Report for the ELEMENT Project Gaborieau, H., Thiébaut, M., Quillienn, N. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Landscape Factors Associated with Fatalities of Migratory Tree-Roosting Bats at Wind Energy Facilities: An Initial Assessment Peters, K., Evans, I., Traiger, E. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
South African Bat Fatality Threshold Guidelines: Edition 3 MacEwan, K., Aronson, J., Richardson, K. Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Monitoring of geese in the territory of Integrated System for Protection of Birds in Winter 2019-2020 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Integrating Hydroacoustic Approaches to Predict Fish Interactions with In-stream Tidal Turbines Viehman, H., Hasselman, D., Boucher, T. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Fish
Summary of Discussions from the Bird and Bat Specialist Committee of the Environmental Technical Working Group (E-TWG) New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Lighting Bats, Birds
Amherst Island Wind Project 2019 Post - Construction Mortality Monitoring Report Natural Resource Solutions Inc. Report Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
National wind wildlife research plan, 2020-2023 American Wind Wildlife Institute (AWWI) Report Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Population-Level Risk to Hoary Bats Amid Continued Wind Energy Development: Assessing Fatality Reduction Targets Under Broad Uncertainty Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Hazards of wind turbines on avifauna-a preliminary appraisal within the Indian context Deb, H., Sanyal, T., Kaviraj, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Post -Construction Monitoring Studies for the Headwaters Wind Farm Randolph County, Indiana Rodriguez, M., Tredennick, A., DuBridge, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Modelling risks posed by wind turbines and power lines to soaring birds: the black stork (Ciconia nigra) in Italy as a case study Smeraldo, S., Bosso, L., Fraissinet, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Displaying 601 - 640 of 1586 results