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Marine Mammals

Breaching humpback whale
A broad term that encompasses cetaceans, pinnipeds, and others.

Marine mammals include pinnipeds (seals, sea lions), cetaceans (dolphins and whales), and sea otters. Because these organisms have fairly advanced cognitive abilities, it is fairly difficult to gauge how offshore renewable energy devices will affect marine mammals. Some of these organisms use echolocation to communicate and navigate themselves through the marine environment, which poses a concern as noise emitted from offshore renewable energy devices can have the potential to mask or hide echolocation of marine mammals. Some marine mammals also have very sensitive hearing, which makes these organisms vulnerable to loud noises generated underwater (i.e. pile driving/construction). With these issues in mind, the stressors that pose the greatest risks to marine mammals are collision, habitat change, and displacement, as well as noise.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Marine Mammals.

Total: 1649

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Feasibility of a Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) network for Harbour Porpoises on the Dutch Continental Shelf Scheidat, M., Geelhoed, S., Noort, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Reducing offshore pile driving noise: Modification of the hammer impulse Klages, E., Von Pein, J., Lippert, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Adaptive surface distortions for torque ripple control in vertical-axis wind turbines Erfort, G., von Backström, T., Venter, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Differential Vulnerability to Ship Strikes Between Day and Night for Blue, Fin, and Humpback Whales Based on Dive and Movement Data From Medium Duration Archival Tags Calambokidis, J., Fahlbusch, J., Szesciorka, A. Journal Article Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Risk balancing by a marine mammal: man-made noise reduces the foraging success of seals Hastie, G., Lepper, P., McKnight, C. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Automated detection and tracking of marine mammals: A novel sonar tool for monitoring effects of marine industry Hastie, G., Wu, G., Moss, S. Journal Article Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Changing distribution of the east coast of Scotland bottlenose dolphin population and the challenges of area‐based management Civil, M., Quick, N., Cheney, B. Journal Article Marine Spatial Planning, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Cetaceans
Using dose–response functions to improve calculations of the impact of anthropogenic noise Tyack, P., Thomas, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Marine Mammals
Measuring responses of harbour seals to potential aversive acoustic mitigation signals using controlled exposure behavioural response studies Gordon, J., Blight, C., Bryant, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Second Annual Report Fourth Interim Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Migrating eastern North Pacific gray whale call and blow rates estimated from acoustic recordings, infrared camera video, and visual sightings Guazzo, R., Weller, D., Europe, H. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Improving visual biodiversity assessments of motile fauna in turbid aquatic environments Jones, R., Griffin, R., Rees, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Advanced Environmental Monitoring for Marine Renewable Energy Cotter, E. Thesis Ocean Current, Wave Collision, Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Placing Green Energy in the Sea: Offshore Wind Farms, Dolphins, Oysters, and the Territorial Politics of the Intertidal Zone in Taiwan Hung, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 4. Offshore: Monitoring and Mitigation Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Monitoring of Marine Mammal Strandings Along French Coasts Reveals the Importance of Ship Strikes on Large Cetaceans: A Challenge for the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive Peltier, H., Beaufils, A., Cesarini, C. Journal Article Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Wave Energy in Tropical Regions: Deployment Challenges, Environmental and Social Perspectives Felix, A., Hernández-Fontes, J., Lithgow, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Effect of Pile-Driving Playback Sound Level on Fish-Catching Efficiency in Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) Kastelein, R., Huijser, L., Cornelisse, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
The Dynamic Ocean: Offshore Wind Energy and Other Activities in the New York Bight Williams, K.A., Stenhouse, I., Gulka, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Assessment of Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Facilities on the Marine Environment Müller, A., Juretzek, C., Boethling, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Empirical Determination of Severe Trauma in Seals from Collisions with Tidal Turbine Blade Onoufriou, J., Brownlow, A., Moss, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Acoustic characterization of sensors used for marine environmental monitoring Cotter, E., Murphy, P., Bassett, C. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals
Determining the impact of pile-driving activity on the spatio-temporal distribution of Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the Belgian Part of the North Sea Piesinger, G. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Synopsis of Research Programs that can Provide Baseline and Monitoring Information for Offshore Energy Activities in the Pacific Region: Seabird and Marine Mammal Surveys in the Pacific Region Adams, J., Lafferty, K., Kelsey, E. Report Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Potential Benefits of Vessel Slowdowns on Endangered Southern Resident Killer Whales Joy, R., Tollit, D., Wood, J. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Harbour porpoise responses to pile-driving diminish over time Graham, I., Merchant, N., Farcas, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
ISEM: Integrated Active and Passive Acoustic System for Environmental Monitoring of Fish and Marine Mammals in Tidal Energy Sites Emera Report Marine Energy, Tidal Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms Defingou, M., Bils, F., Horchler, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Quantifying harbour porpoise foraging behaviour in CPOD data: identification, automatic detection and potential application Berges, B., Geelhoed, S., Scheidat, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Imaging sonar review for marine environmental monitoring around tidal turbines Joslin, J. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Fish, Marine Mammals
Protocol for mitigation of marine mammal disturbance and injury at EMEC test sites European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) Guidance Marine Energy Marine Mammals
Guidelines for Providing Information on Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles for Renewable Energy Development on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs Guidance Marine Energy, Wind Energy Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Effects of noise-mitigated offshore pile driving on harbour porpoise abundance in the German Bight 2014-2016 (Gescha 2) Rose, A., Brandt, M., Vilela, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Effect of impact pile driving noise on marine mammals: A comparison of different noise exposure criteria Stober, U., Thomsen, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Best available science? Are NOAA Fisheries marine mammal noise exposure guidelines up to date? Stocker, M. Conference Paper Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Minimizing wildlife impacts for offshore wind energy development: Winning tradeoffs for seabirds in space and cetaceans in time Best, B., Halpin, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
South Fork Wind Farm COP Appendix P2: Animal Exposure Modelling Denes, S., Weirathmueller, M., Zeddies, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Performance Characteristics of the NoiseSpotter: An Acoustic Monitoring and Localization System Raghukumar, K., Chang, G., Spada, F. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Third Interim Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Impact of pile-driving on Hector's dolphin in Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand Leunissen, E., Rayment, W., Dawson, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans

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