Skip to main content

Legal & Policy

How governing bodies plan for and regulate renewable energy projects through policy and legal frameworks.

Legal

There are several local and federal agencies that must approve the various components of a land-based wind, offshore wind, or marine renewable energy project throughout the permitting process. A baseline environmental assessment is typically required to identify potential environmental concerns, including the presence of threatened or endangered species. Depending on the concerns identified during this assessment, monitoring and mitigation efforts may be required during facility construction, operation, and decommissioning.

 

Policy

An in-depth understanding of the potential environmental impacts of a land-based wind, offshore wind, or marine renewable energy project is extremely important in determining the governing policies surrounding the assessment and approval of the project. The level of risk of a project presents is typically determined by considering both the known consequences of a project’s development and the uncertainty around its potential impacts. Various local, state, and federal policies have been developed to support the growth of the wind and marine renewable energy industries in a sustainable manner.

 

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Legal & Policy.

Total: 841

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Impact of the use of offshore wind and other marine renewables on European fisheries Stelzenmüller, V., Gimpel, A., Letschert, J. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
An analysis of the socioeconomic and environmental benefits of wind energy deployment in Europe Ortega-Izquierdo, M., del Rio, P. Journal Article Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Wave and Tidal Stream Critical Evidence Needs Offshore Renewables Joint Industry Programme (ORJIP) Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, Noise Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Low-carbon lock-in? Exploring transformative innovation policy and offshore wind energy pathways in the Netherlands van der Loos, A., Negro, S., Hekkert, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Drivers for and Barriers to the Take up of Floating Offshore Wind Technology: A Comparison of Scotland and South Africa Umoh, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Current trends and prospects of tidal energy technology Chowdhury, M., Rahman, K., Selvanathan, V. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Sectoral Marine Plan for Offshore Wind Energy Scottish Government Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Sectoral Marine Plan for Offshore Wind Energy – Final Islands Communities Impact Assessment Scottish Government Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
OES-Environmental 2020 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World Copping, A., Hemery, L. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
JUMP Deliverable 5.1: Regulatory Framework for underwater noise monitoring in Portugal Cruz, E., Outeiro, J., Simao, A. Report Noise Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Integrating oceans into climate policy: Any green new deal needs a splash of blue Dundas, S., Levine, A., Lewison, R. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Advancing Offshore Wind Energy in the U.S Christopher, T., Davis, M., Flemma, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Westerly breezes and easterly gales: A comparison of legal, policy and planning regimes governing onshore wind in Germany and China Guan, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Legal system for the development of marine renewable energy in the USA: a thorough analysis Chang, Y., Liu, H., Liu, C. Journal Article Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Unpacking the eagle collision risk model: practical guidance for wind energy Evans, M., Sporer, M., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Transposition of the directive establishing a framework for maritime spatial planning into the Polish legal order (main aspects and key solutions) Bakowski, T., Nawrot, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
A comparative insight of Irish and Scottish regulatory frameworks for offshore wind energy - An expert perspective O'Hanlon, Z., Cummins, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Ecosystem services and the blue economy: navigating power and values Schutter, M. Thesis Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Lost (and found) in Transition: Expert stakeholder insights on low-carbon energy transitions in Spain Sorman, A., Garcia-Muros, X., Pizarro-Irizar, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
A new hybrid approach for evaluating technology risks and opportunities in the energy transition in Ireland Sharma, T., Gallachoir, B., Rogan, F. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Determination of Acoustic Compliance of Wind Farms Cooper, S., Chan, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Information Guidelines for a Renewable Energy Construction and Operations Plan (COP) Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Guidance Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
BOEM / FERC Guidelines on Regulation of Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Projects on the OCS BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Guidance Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Conditions of Site Assessment Plan Approval for Lease OCS-A 0521 BOEM Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Guidelines for Providing Avian Survey Information for Renewable Energy Development on the Outer Continental Shelf Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Guidelines for Submission of Spatial Data for Atlantic Offshore Renewable Energy Development Site Characterization Surveys BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs Guidance Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Challenges and Recommendations for Environmental Compliance for Marine Renewable Energy: Avoiding Issues Early for Efficient Permitting and Practicable Mitigation Courbis, S. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Comparing the territorial performances of renewable energy sources' plants with an integrated ecosystem services loss assessment: A case study from the Basilicata region (Italy) Scorza, F., Pilogallo, A., Saganeiti, L. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Ecological best practice in decommissioning: a review of scientific research Fortune, I., Paterson, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Overcoming Barriers to the Community Acceptance of Wind Energy: Lessons Learnt from a Comparative Analysis of Best Practice Cases across Europe Maleki-Dizaji, P., del Bufalo, N., Di Nucci, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Tapping Renewable Energy Sources in Contemporary India: Issues and Challenges Chandy, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
The regional heterogeneity of wind power deployment: an empirical investigation of land-use policies in Germany and Sweden Lauf, T., Ek, K., Gawel, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Analysis of international, European and Scot's law governing marine litter and integration of policy within regional marine plans Sheridan, H., Johnson, K., Capper, A. Journal Article Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
The Blue Economy and the United Nations' sustainable development goals: Challenges and opportunities Lee, K., Noh, J., Khim, J. Journal Article Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Legal Limits on Recreational Fishing Near Offshore Wind Facilities Webster, K., Porter, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism
Policy, politics and materiality across scales: A framework for understanding local government sustainable energy capacity applied in England Kuzemko, C., Britton, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Marine Renewable Energy Legal Framework in Malaysia: A Way Forward Ghazali, F., Mustafa, M. Journal Article Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Wave, Tidal and Ocean Thermal Energy Adimazoya, T., Doelle, M. Book Chapter Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal, Wave Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Scientific shortcomings in environmental impact statements internationally Singh, G., Lerner, J., Mach, M. Journal Article Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Prospects of ocean-based renewable energy for West Africa's sustainable energy future Adesanya, A., Misra, S., Maskeliunas, R. Journal Article Marine Energy, OTEC Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data

Displaying 361 - 400 of 841 results