United States of America

United States of America (USA) is located in North America, covers 9,833,517 km2 (3,796,742 mile2) of land surface, and has a population of 333 million people (UN data, 2021). The USA’s primary energy production is 25,245 terawatt-hours (TWh), and energy supply per capita is 79 MWh (UN data, 2021). Oil is the largest source of energy consumed, accounting for 38% of the national total (Our World in Data, 2023). The USA is home to 1,841 threatened species (UN data, 2021).

The USA is currently a member of Ocean Energy Systems, participating in OES-Environmental. The USA had 2 policy and 6 project highlights in the 2023 OES Annual Report.

The USA is currently a member of IEA Wind, participating in WREN. The USA had a total installed wind power capacity of 144.2 GW by the end of 2022, an increase of 8.30 GW from the year before (IEA-Wind 2022 Annual Report).

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with United States of America.

Total: 2556

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Vineyard Wind 1 Demersal Trawl Survey Spring 2021 Seasonal Report Rillahan, C. , He, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish
California Deepwater Investigations and Groundtruthing (Cal DIG) I, Volume 1: Biological Site Characterization Offshore Morro Bay Kuhnz, L., Gilbane, L., Cochrane, G. Report Wind Energy Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Hydrodynamic Modeling, Particle Tracking and Agent-Based Modeling of Larvae in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Bight Johnson, T., van Berkel, J., Mortensen, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Wind energy's bycatch: Offshore wind deployment impacts on hydropower operation and migratory fish Pfeiffer, O., Nock, D., Baker, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
A Current Look at Marine Renewable Energy in Oregon: Oregon MRE and the Role of Public Perception and Participation in Oregon's MRE Future Brandt, D. Thesis Marine Energy, Wave Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Wildlife Mortality in Wind Turbine Transformer Basins Meyer, S., Matlack, R., Ray, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
South Fork Wind Farm Construction and Operations Plan Ørsted, Eversource Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Adaptive management to improve eagle conservation at terrestrial wind facilities New, L., Simonis, J., Otto, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Lobster Ventless Trap, Black Sea Bass, Plankton 2020 Survey Season Annual Report Stokesbury, K., Cassidy, K., Lowery, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates
ThruTracker: Open-Source Software for 2-D and 3-D Animal Video Tracking Corcoran, A., Schirmacher, M., Black, E. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Wind turbine blade material in the United States: Quantities, costs, and end-of-life options Cooperman, A., Eberle, A., Lantz, E. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Behavioral patterns of bats at a wind turbine confirm seasonality of fatality risk Goldenberg, S., Cryan, P., Gorresen, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Displacement Bats
Optimistic with reservations: The impacts of the United States' first offshore wind farm on the recreational fishing experience Smythe, T., Bidwell, D., Tyler, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data
Ocean Justice: Strategies for an Equitable Implementation of North Carolina’s Offshore Wind Industry Schroeger, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Abyssal & OPT solution for the mitigation of Illegal Fishing Weiner, J., Simão, R. Report Wave Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Guidelines for Lighting and Marking of Structures Supporting Renewable Energy Development Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Lighting Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Field testing an “acoustic lighthouse”: Combined acoustic and visual cues provide a multimodal solution that reduces avian collision risk with tall human-made structures Boycott, T., Mullis, S., Jackson, B. Journal Article Collision Birds
Resource Occurrence and Productivity in Existing and Proposed Wind Energy Lease Areas on the Northeast US Shelf Friedland, K., Methratta, E., Gill, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates
Predicting migration routes for three species of migratory bats using species distribution models Wieringa, J., Carstens, B., Gibbs, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Near-term ecological forecasting for dynamic aeroconservation of migratory birds Horton, K., Van Doren, B., Albers, H. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Lighting Birds, Human Dimensions, Navigation
South Fork Wind Farm and South Fork Export Cable Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Supporting National Environmental Policy Act Documentation for Offshore Wind Energy Development Related to Avian Species Research Fernandez, K., Middleton, P., Salerno, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Assessment of Seascape, Landscape, and Visual Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy Developments on the Outer Continental Shelf of the United States Sullivan, R. Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Predicting Bald Eagle Collision at Wind Energy Facilities Nasman, K., Bay, K., Mattson, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Megafauna Aerial Surveys in the Wind Energy Areas of Massachusetts and Rhode Island with Emphasis on Large Whales: Interim Report Campaign 6A, 2020 O'Brien, O., McKenna, K., Pendleton, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Development and testing of a three-dimensional ballistics model for bat strikes on wind turbines Prakash, S., Markfort, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Bats (Chiroptera) of Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Utah and Arizona Carpenter, G., Pilkington, L., Levorse, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Bats
U.S. Geological Survey Migratory Bird Science, 2020–21 Pearse, A., Sherfy, M., Wimer, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Physical Environment
Vineyard Wind 1 Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Interdisciplinary Research Collaborative Trains Students to See Through Turbulent Systems Cammen, K., Marafino, G., Burton, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Review of the Impacts to Marine Fauna from Electromagnetic Frequencies (EMF) Generated by Energy Transmitted through Undersea Electric Transmission Cables Bilinski, J. Report Wind Energy EMF
Vineyard Wind 1 Demersal Trawl Survey Winter 2021 Seasonal Report Rillahan, C. , He, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind COP Appendix II-J: Essential Fish Habitat Assessment Environmental Design & Research, Landscape Architecture, Engineering, & Environmental Services, D.P.C. (EDR) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish
ROSA Offshore Wind Project Monitoring Framework and Guidelines ROSA Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Revolution Wind COP Appendix Z1: Assessment of Impacts to Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, and ESA-Listed Fish Species CSA Ocean Sciences Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Larval cross‐shore transport estimated from internal waves with a background flow: The effects of larval vertical position and depth regulation Garwood, J., Lucas, A., Naughton, P. Journal Article Changes in Flow Invertebrates
Field Observations During Offshore Wind Structure Installation and Operation (Maryland Offshore Wind and Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind) Amaral, J., Ampela, K., Frankel, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Eagle fatalities are reduced by automated curtailment of wind turbines McClure, C., Rolek, B., Dunn, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
MOTION OF THE CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION FOR APPROVAL OF THE ELECTRIC PROGRAM INVESTMENT CHARGE INTERIM INVESTMENT PLAN 2021 California Energy Commission Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Integrating Social and Ecological Research on the Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in North America ten Brink, T., Dalton, T., Livermore, J. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data
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