United Kingdom

The United Kingdom (UK) is located in Northern Europe, covers 242,495 km2 (93,628 mile2) of land surface, and has a population of 68.2 million people (UN data, 2021). The UK’s primary energy production is 1,422 terawatt-hours (TWh), and energy supply per capita is 30 MWh (UN data, 2021). Oil is the largest source of energy consumed, accounting for 39% of the national total (Our World in Data, 2023). The UK is home to 181 threatened species (UN data, 2021).

The UK is currently a member of Ocean Energy Systems, participating in OES-Environmental. The UK had 4 policy and 8 project highlights in the 2023 OES Annual Report.

The UK is currently a member of IEA Wind, participating in WREN. The UK had a total installed wind power capacity of 28.7 GW by the end of 2022, an increase of 3.01 GW from the year before (IEA-Wind 2022 Annual Report).

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with United Kingdom.

Total: 1516

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Evidence Review Note: Marine Historic Environment Offshore Wind Evidence Knowledge Hub Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Evaluating the Risk of Collision of Seals Swimming Within Metres of Operating Tidal Turbines Montabaranom, J., Gillespie, D., Sparling, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
PrePARED Annual Report 2025 Marine Scotland, University of Aberdeen, SMRU Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Improving the evidence base for coexistence between offshore renewables and commercial fishing Harding, J., Boblin, E., Coyle, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
Disruptive Innovation and Industrial Modernisation: Pathways to Securing Offshore Renewable Energy Supply Chain Competitiveness Grattan, K., Olsson, S., Noble, D. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Mapping benthic biodiversity to facilitate future sustainable development Cooper, K., Thompson, M., Bolam, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment
Proceedings of the MASTS Cross-Sectoral Working Group on the Impact of Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) on Marine Ecosystems: A Cross-Sector Framework for Understanding and Managing the Cumulative Effects of Anthropogenic EMFs in the Marine Environment Marine Alliance for Science and Technology Scotland (MASTS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF
Developing an ecological risk-based approach to facilitate licensing offshore wind development Bolam, S., Cooper, K., Downie, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Geospatial analysis of the life cycle global warming impacts from marine renewables Engelfried, T., Alday, M., Raghavan, V. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Effects of electromagnetic fields on flatfish activity levels Chapman, E., Rochas, C., Burns, Z. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
Marine Renewable Energy Regulator Survey: United Kingdom McGrath, J., Freeman, M. Report Marine Energy
High-resolution multi-sensor technology reveals low collision risk to seabirds in offshore wind farms Skov, H., Tjørnløv, R., Armitage, D. Journal Article Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Modelling population-level impacts of wind farm collision risk on Welsh Red Kites: populations functionally linked to two Special Protection Areas Hereward, H., Macgregor, C., Gabb, O. Report Wind Energy Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Recommendations and Roadmap (WP4): AssESs - Assessing the extent and significance of uncertainty in offshore wind assessments Butler, A., Lorenzo-Arribas, A., Hague, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Summary report of sensitivity analysis (WP2): AssESs - Assessing the extent and significance of uncertainty in offshore wind assessments Butler, A., Matthiopoulos, J., Lorenzo-Arribas, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Summary report of stakeholder engagement (WP3): AssESs - Assessing the extent and significance of uncertainty in offshore wind assessments Hague, A., Miller, S.C., Jones, E.L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Uncertainty and approaches to evaluating uncertainty (WP1): AssESs - Assessing the extent and significance of uncertainty in offshore wind assessments Furness, R.W., Searle, K., Jones, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Review of methods used to calculate scale of artificial nesting structures proposed as a compensation measure for Kittiwake mortality at offshore wind farms Rhoades, J., Johnston, D.T., Humphreys, E.M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
ProcBe Annual Report No.2: Year 2 The Crown Estate Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Progressing the Floating Offshore Wind Opportunity Quinn, T., Rees, M., MacDonald, A. Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Propagating uncertainty from physical and biogeochemical drivers through to top predators in dynamic Bayesian ecosystem models improves predictions Trifonova, N., Wihsgott, J., Scott, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Modelling of kittiwake metapopulation dynamics (MetaKitti) Summary Report Matthiopoulos, J., Jeglinski, J., Miller, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Modelling of kittiwake metapopulation dynamics (MetaKitti) Technical Report Matthiopoulos, J., Jeglinski, J., Miller, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Tidal flow masks acoustic detections of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena): Implications for passive acoustic studies of cetaceans Veneruso, G., Chapuis, L., Hastie, G. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Evaluating aerial LiDAR and other approaches to avian flight height measurement– ReSCUE Project Validation Study Report Rhoades, J., Feather, A., Harwood, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
ECOFlow and ECOWind Research Programmes: Offshore Wind Policy and Delivery Landscape 2025 ECOFlow, ECOWind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Social Impact Assessment: Further Research to Support the SEIA for the Sectoral Marine Plan for Offshore Wind Energy and Innovation and Targeted Oil and Gas Decarbonisation AECOM Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Scottish seabird conservation action plan: vulnerability report Scottish Government Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
The Scottish Seabird Conservation Action Plan Scottish Government Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
A UK Science Requirements Framework for Future Marine Research Infrastructure Hill, K., Moore, M., Rogers, A.D. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Monitoring Offshore Windfarm Impacts on the Commercial Fishing Industry Good Practice Guidance Xodus Group Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Navigation, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Partial Niche Partitioning in Three Sympatric Gull Species Through Foraging Areas and Habitat Selection O'Hanlon, N., Clewley, G., Johnston, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Supporting offshore wind growth: Automating data analysis in digital aerial surveys to enhance wildlife protection and survey efficiency Bartlett, B., Santos, M., Trslic, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
ORJIP InTAS project: Report on the distribution and habitat preferences of Kittiwakes on the east coast of Scotland Matthiopoulos, J., Blackwell, P., Thaxter, C. Report Birds, Seabirds
Integration of tracking and at-sea survey data: WP2. Analysis framework The Carbon Trust Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Predicted and observed responses of harbour porpoises to pile driving noise at Moray West Offshore Wind Farm Thompson, P., Benhemma-Le Gall, A., Lee, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
ORJIP InTAS project: Report on the distribution and habitat preferences of northern Gannets on the east coast of Scotland Matthiopoulos, J., Blackwell, P., Thaxter, C. Report Birds, Seabirds
ORJIP InTAS project: Report on the distribution and habitat preferences of Razorbill on the east coast of Scotland Matthiopoulos, J., Blackwell, P., Thaxter, C. Report Birds, Seabirds
Integration of tracking and at-sea survey data: WP1. Data collation and review The Carbon Trust Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Life Cycle Assessment of an Oscillating Water Column-Type Wave Energy Converter Singhapurage, H., Koliyabandara, P., Samarakoon, G. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Displaying 1 - 40 of 1516 results