United Kingdom

The United Kingdom (UK) is located in Northern Europe, covers 242,495 km2 (93,628 mile2) of land surface, and has a population of 68.2 million people (UN data, 2021). The UK’s primary energy production is 1,422 terawatt-hours (TWh), and energy supply per capita is 30 MWh (UN data, 2021). Oil is the largest source of energy consumed, accounting for 39% of the national total (Our World in Data, 2023). The UK is home to 181 threatened species (UN data, 2021).

The UK is currently a member of Ocean Energy Systems, participating in OES-Environmental. The UK had 4 policy and 8 project highlights in the 2023 OES Annual Report.

The UK is currently a member of IEA Wind, participating in WREN. The UK had a total installed wind power capacity of 28.7 GW by the end of 2022, an increase of 3.01 GW from the year before (IEA-Wind 2022 Annual Report).

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with United Kingdom.

Total: 1471

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
As built register Task & Finish Group Workshop: Feedback Report Offshore Wind Industry Council (OWIC), Pathways to Growth Coordination Group Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Strategic seaweed farming to support protected seabirds impacted by offshore windfarms Furness, R., Furness, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds
Project Environmental Monitoring Plan: Kincardine Offshore WindFarm Project March 2025 Kincardine Offshore Wind Ltd, Broad Horizons Consulting Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Site and species dependent effects of offshore wind farms on fish populations Bicknell, A., Gierhart, S., Witt, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Fish, Demersal Fish
ScotMER 7th Symposium 2025: EcoWind Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
ScotMER 7th Symposium 2025: Diadromous Fish Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Fish, Pelagic Fish
ScotMER 7th Symposium 2025: Marine Mammals & Underwater Noise Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
ScotMER 7th Symposium 2025: Ministerial Speech Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
ScotMER 7th Symposium 2025: Ornithology Tracking Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy Displacement Birds, Seabirds
ScotMER 7th Symposium 2025: Scottish Government Update Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Harbour and grey seals: distribution maps for Scotland Carter, M., Bivins, M., Duck, C. Report Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
UK Ocean Energy Review 2024 Grattan, K., Noble, D., Jeffrey, H. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Cumulative barriers to renewable energy development: Can we adjust our perspective and approach to benefit biodiversity? Cook, E., Masden, E., Humphreys, E. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Offshore wind energy: assessing trace element inputs and the risks for co-location of aquaculture Watson, G., Banfield, G. , Watson, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Chemicals Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Diadromous Fish in the Context of Offshore Wind – Review of Current Knowledge & Future Research Honkanen, H., Moore, I., Roger, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish
Seals exhibit localised avoidance of operational tidal turbines Montabaranom, J., Gillespie, D., Longden, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Future Economic Potential of Tidal Stream & Wave Energy in Scotland Noble, D., Grattan, K., Jeffrey, H. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme: Annual Report 2024 The Crown Estate Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Scottish Offshore Wind Energy Council (SOWEC) Innovation Guide Offshore Renewable Energy Catapult Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Shetland Tidal Array Monitoring Report July 2023 to June 2024 Smith, K. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Similarity assessment of offshore wind farms within UK marine habitats Gierhart, S., Bicknell, A., Booth, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Migratory movements of bats are shaped by barrier effects, sex-biased timing and the adaptive use of winds Lagerveld, S., de Vries, P., Harris, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement Bats
Methodology for Combining Digital Aerial Survey Data and Passive Acoustic Baseline Data Harris, D., Chudzinska, M., Jacobson, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
MASTS ASM 2024 Workshop Proceeding: Tracking Top Predators in Marine Renewable Energy Development Areas Sutherland, J. Marine Energy, Wind Energy Attraction, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
National Marine Plan 2 - planning position statement: consultation Scottish Government Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Accelerating Offshore Wind: Developing a regional ecosystem monitoring programme for the UK offshore wind industry ORE Catapult Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Developing a population model for Rum Manx Shearwaters for assessing offshore wind farm impacts and conservation measures Matthiopoulos, J., Furness, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Exploring the Potential for Genetic Stock Identification of Atlantic Salmon from the large Scottish East Coast Rivers Cauwelier, E., Gilbey, J., Mollahan, P. Report Wind Energy Fish
A review of benthic ecological surveying for marine renewable developments in Scottish waters Aquatera Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Adapting the iPCoD Framework for Harbour Porpoises to Utilise a Dynamic Energy Budget Model in Modelling the Effects of Disturbance – Final Report Harwood, J., Chudzinska, M., Hin, V. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Effect of Operational Wind-Turbine Vibration on Surface-Dwelling Invertebrates Burgess, J., Thomas, S., Mazik, K. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Invertebrates
Underwater Sound Emissions from the Moorings of Floating Wind Turbines: HYWIND Scotland Case Study Pace, F., Burns, R., Martin, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Underwater sound produced by operational floating wind turbines Marmo, B., Risch, D., van Geel, N. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Noise
Spatial Impact of Wind Farm Construction on Harbor Porpoise Detectability van Geel, N., Benjamins, S., Marmo, B. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
ORE Outlook 2040 - UK Offshore Renewable Energy in 2040: Building a Sustainable and Competitive ORE Sector on a Pathway to Net Zero by 2050 Greaves, D., White, D., Noble, D. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Moray East Offshore Windfarm: Cod Spawning Survey Results – Technical Report Lord, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish
Sheared turbulent flows and wake dynamics of an idled floating tidal turbine Lieber, L., Fraser, S., Coles, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal
How is cumulative seabird displacement from offshore wind farms assessed and verified, and what does current and future cumulative displacement look like? Hall, R. Thesis Wind Energy Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Influence of wind on kittiwake Rissa tridactyla flight and offshore wind turbine collision risk Davies, J., Boersch-Supan, P., Clewley, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Marine Delivery Routemap: Towards a shared vision for our seabed and coastline The Crown Estate Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Displaying 41 - 80 of 1471 results