Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6477
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Summary of Winter 2017–2018 Digital Survey #7 Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind
Do tidal stream energy projects offer more value than offshore wind farms? A case study in the United Kingdom Lamy, J., Azevedo, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Fall 2017 Taxonomic Analysis Summary Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind
Assessing cumulative socio-ecological impacts of offshore wind farm development in the Bay of Seine (English Channel) Raoux, A., Dambacher, J., Pezy, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Human dimensions of marine hydrokinetic energies: Current knowledge and research gaps Ruano-Chamorro, C., Castilla, J., Gelcich, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Stakeholder Engagement, Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
New Creek Wind Project 2017 Post-construction Monitoring Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Summary Report of the New York Bight Sea Turtle Workshop Bonacci-Sullivan, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Bat Evaluation Monitoring Studies at the Fowler Ridge Wind Farm Benton County, Indiana: August 1 - October 15, 2017 Good, R., Iskali, G., Nasman, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Dodging the blades: new insights into threedimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus Thaxter, C., Ross-Smith, V., Bouten, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Dodging the blades: new insights into three-dimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus Thaxter, C., Ross-Smith, V., Bouten, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Spatial Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (SMCDA) toolbox for Consensus-based Siting of Powerlines and Wind-power plants (ConSite) Hanssen, F., May, R., Van Dijk, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Impacts of wind turbines on redheads in the Laguna Madre Lange, C., Ballard, B., Collins, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Waterfowl, Birds
Draft Guidance Regarding the Use of a Project Design Envelope in a Construction and Operations Plan Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Sustainable use of marine resources through offshore wind and mussel farm co-location Di Tullio, G., Mariani, P., Benassai, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Spatial Planning, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Functional and structural responses to marine urbanisation Mayer-Pinto, M., Cole, V., Johnston, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Avoidance, Attraction Invertebrates
At the Heart of a Sustainable Energy Transition: The Public Acceptability of Energy Projects Perlaviciute, G., Schuitema, G., Devine-Wright, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Stakeholder Engagement, Human Dimensions
RECON: Reef effect structures in the North Sea, islands or connections? Summary Report Coolen, J., van der Weide, B., Cuperus, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Living in Habitats Affected by Wind Turbines May Result in an Increase in Corticosterone Levels in Ground Dwelling Animals Łopucki, R., Klich, D., Scibior, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
Offshore wind zoning in China: Method and experience Ou, L., Xu, W., Yue, Q. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Seabird Counts at North Caithness Cliffs SPA in 2015 and 2016 for Marine Renewable Casework Swann, B. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
GenEst User Guide-Software for a Generalized Estimator of Mortality Simonis, J., Dalthorp, D., Huso, M. Report Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Swimming Speed of a Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) During Playbacks of Offshore Pile Driving Sounds Kastelein, R., Van de Voorde, S., Jennings, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Trends and Challenges in Maritime Energy Management Ölçer, A., Kitada, M., Dalaklis, D. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy
Exploitation of Offshore Wind Energy Lüdeke, J. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Soft sediments epibenthos and fish monitoring at the Belgian offshore wind farm area: situation 6 and 7 years after construction De Backer, A., Hostens, K. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Energías renovables: Escenario actual y perspectivas futuras Montecinos, S., Carvajal, D. Book Wind Energy Human Dimensions
Offshore Windfarms Severinsen, G. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Still Spinning: A Look at the Federal Legal Landscape of Offshore Wind Energy in the United States Jared, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Mapping the global potential exposure of soaring birds to terrestrial wind energy expansion Santangeli, A., Butchart, S., Pogson, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Public estimates of support for offshore wind energy: False consensus, pluralistic ignorance, and partisan effects Sokoloski, R., Markowitz, E., Bidwell, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Stakeholder Engagement, Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Moray Offshore Windfarm (West) Limited Environmental Impact Assessment Report Moray Offshore Windfarm Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Co-production in distributed generation: renewable energy and creating space for fitting infrastructure within landscapes Wolsink, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Visual Impacts
Block Island Wind Farm Lobster Ventless Trap Survey Griffin, M., Carey, D. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates
Seabird monitoring at the Thornton Bank offshore wind farm: Lesser black-backed gull distribution in and around the wind farm using GPS logger data Vanermen, N., Courtens, W., Daelemans, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Birds, Seabirds
Comparing Field Methods Used to Determine Bird and Bat Fatalities Paula, J., Augusto, M., Neves, T. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Seabird counts at St Abb's Head to Fast Castle SPA in 2016 for Marine Renewables Casework Swann, B. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Summer 2017 Target Extraction Summary Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind
Biodiversity and Wind Farms in Portugal: Current Knowledge and Insights for an Integrated Impact Assessment Process Mascarenhas, M., Marques, A., Ramalho, R. Book Wind Energy Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
Predicting the visual impact of onshore wind farms via landscape indices: A method for objectivizing planning and decision processes Sklenicka, P., Zouhar, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Visual Impacts, Human Dimensions
Effect of an Offshore Wind Farm on the Viviparous Eelpout: Biometrics, Brood Development and Population Studies in Lillgrund, Sweden Langhamer, O., Dahlgren, T., Rosenqvist, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
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