Wind Energy

The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 6500
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Anthropogenic Sound and Fishes Popper, A., Hawkins, A., Halvorsen, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
Wind Power Deployment as a Stressor for Ecosystem Services: A Comparative Case Study from Germany and Sweden Lauf, T., Gawel, E., Lehmann, P. Book Chapter Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Via Pontica-Myth and Reality for Birds and Wind Turbines Manev, T., Zehtindjiev, P. Guidance Wind Energy Birds
Evaluating the environmental impacts of recycling wind turbines Jensen, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Winds of change – Predicting water-based recreationists' support and opposition for offshore wind energy development in the Great Lakes Ferguson, M., Powers, S., Trauntvein, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Recreation & Tourism, Human Dimensions
Are auctions likely to deter community wind projects? And would this be problematic? Grashof, K. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
A Citizens Guide to Environmental Assessment Nova Scotia Department of Environment and Climate Change (Nova Scotia Environment) Guidance Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy Habitat Change Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
European Offshore Wind Deployment Centre Environmental Research & Monitoring Programme Socio-Economic Study Durning, B., Glasson, J., Carnie, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Improving understanding of bottlenose dolphin movements along the east coast of Scotland (Interim Report 2019) Arso Civil, M., Louis, M., Hague, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey Results of Lease Area OCS-A 0512, Annual Report: November 2017 to October 2018 Jervis, L., Warford, S., Goulding, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals
Short Science Summary: European Wolves and Wind Energy Development WREN Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
Regional variation in public acceptance of wind energy development in Europe: What are the roles of planning procedures and participation? Suskevics, M., Eiter, S., Martinat, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Investigating cumulative effects across ecological scales Hodgson, E., Halpern, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Understanding the Role of Offshore Structures in Managing Potential Watersipora Invasions Page, H., Dugan, J., Miller, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Summary of Winter 2018-2019 Digital Survey #11 Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Marine Mammals
Comparing offshore and onshore wind development considering acceptance costs Hevia-Koch, P., Jacobsen, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Environmental and social impacts of wind energy: a view point with reference to India Gawande, A., Chaudhry, P. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Assessment of the geographical potential for co-use of marine space, based on operational boundaries for Blue Growth sectors van den Burg, S., Aguilar-Manjarrez, J., Jenness, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey Results, Annex 1: Summer 2016 to Spring 2017 Jervis, L., Warford, S., Goulding, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Survey Results Equinor Wind US, LLC Annex I: Summer 2016 – Spring 2017 Jervis, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Regional variation in public acceptance of wind energy development in Europe: What are the roles of planning procedures and participation? Suskevics, M., Eiter, S., Martinat, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
The contingent valuation study of the wind farm Búrfellslundur - Willingness to pay for preservation Einarsdóttir, S., Cook, D., Davíðsdóttir, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Underwater noise abatement: Economic factors and policy options Merchant, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Wind energy farms’ impacts on environmental justice and human rights Ramírez, J. Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
New Creek Wind Project 2018 Post-construction Monitoring Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
The VERTEX field campaign: observations of near-ground effects of wind turbine wakes Archer, C., Wu, S., Vasel-Be-Hagh, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow
Comments on the Call for Information and Nominations for Commercial Leasing for Wind Power Development on the Outer Continental Shelf Offshore California Aylesworth, S., Krop, L., George, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
The influence of wind turbine visibility on the health of local residents: a systematic review Freiberg, A., Schefter, C., Hegewald, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Lighting, Noise Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Considerations for Upscaling Individual Effects of Wind Energy Development Towards Population-Level Impacts on Wildlife May, R., Masden, E., Bennet, F. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Scottish Waters East Region Regional Sectoral Marine Plan Strategic Ornithology Study: final report Searle, K., Butler, A., Mobbs, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
A procedure for deriving wind turbine noise limits by taking into account annoyance Fredianelli, L., Carpita, S., Licitra, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Advancing the relationship between renewable energy and ecosystem services for landscape planning and design: A literature review Picchi, P., van Lierop, M., Geneletti, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Life Cycle Analysis of Ecological Impacts of an Offshore and a Land-Based Wind Power Plant Piasecka, I., Tomporowski, A., Flizikowski, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 3. Offshore: Potential Effects Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Modeling effects of crop production, energy development and conservation-grassland loss on avian habitat Shaffer, J., Roth, C., Mushet, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Modelling the Effects of Wind Farming on the Local Weather Using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model Jawaheer, B., Dhunny, A., Cunden, T. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Nonmarket Valuation of Marine Resources in the Northeast: Implications for Recreational Fisheries Management and Offshore Wind Energy Development Carr-Harris, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Visual Impacts
Moray Firth River Shin Missing Salmon Project Kyle of Sutherland Fisheries, Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, University of Glasgow Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance Fish
Framework for Assessing Ecological and Cumulative Effects - 2018 Cumulative effects of offshore wind farm construction on harbour porpoises Heinis, F., de Jong, C., von Benda-Beckmann, S. Report Wind Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Effects of wind farms on near-surface wind speed Xin, Z., Ruiping, Y., Xu, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow
Displaying 2721 - 2760 of 6500 results