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Collision

Birds flying past a wind turbine farm
Direct contact between an animal and a device component.

Any part of a renewable energy device that moves has the potential to have a deleterious effect on both resident and migratory organisms. Collisions between animals and tidal or wind turbine blades could result in injury or death, either by direct contact with the device or by pressure changes created around the moving parts. The probability of a collision with a blade may vary based on the rotational or mechanical speed of the moving parts, the presence and density of animals in the area, the time of day, weather conditions, and the ability of animals to sense and evade the device. Carcasses found around land-based wind turbines provide an estimate of bird and bat fatalities, while it is much more difficult to estimate the effect of collisions with offshore wind turbines. To date there have been no observed collisions of marine mammals or diving seabirds with tidal turbines. Wave energy devices also have moving parts such as heave plates, flaps, and other large heavy components that could potentially cause harm, although the likelihood is thought to be extremely small. Collisions resulting in injury and death of individual animals with moving parts of devices become particularly important if the loss of those individuals affect the stability and sustainability of the population in the area.

For more information relevant to marine energy, check out the Collision Risk Short Science Summary produced by OES-Environmental.

For more information relevant to offshore wind energy, check out the Bat and Bird Interactions with Offshore Wind Energy research brief produced by SEER.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Collision.

Total: 1656

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Sensitivity analysis of collision risk at wind turbines based on flight altitude of migratory waterbirds Kamata, T., Sato, H., Mukai, H. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Waterfowl
High Bat Fatality Rates Estimated at Wind Farms in Southern Spain Sanchez-Navarro, S., Gálvez-Ruiz, D., Rydell, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
Protecting avian wildlife for wind farm siting: The Screening Tool Proof of Concept Salkanovic, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions
Bird Protection Zones in a Wind Park by Ka-Band Radar Surveillance: Field Results from the Wind Testing Site WINSENT Malzer, M., Burhenn, M., Beck, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
First assessment on the influence of wind farms and high-voltage networks on ruddy-headed goose Chloephaga rubidiceps migration in Patagonia, Argentina Pedrana, J., Gorosábel, A., Pütz, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Waterfowl
Seasonal patterns of bird and bat collision fatalities at wind turbines Lloyd, J., Butryn, R., Pearman-Gillman, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
IdentiFlight als Schutzmaßnahme für den Seeadler (Haliaeetus albicilla) Untersuchungen zur Wirksamkeit sowie artenschutzrechtliche Einordnung Reichenbach, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plan for Commercial Lease OCS Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind, LLC Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds, Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts
Assessing movements of Lesser Black-backed Gulls using GPS tracking devices in relation to the Galloper Wind Farm Green, R., Thaxter, C., Johnston, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Sex Ratios of Brazilian Free-Tailed Bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities in California and Texas LiCari, S. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Pilotstudie: Erprobung Probabilistik/Testing Probabilistics Mercker, M., Liedtke, J., Liesenjohann, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Ocean Wind 1 Construction and Operations Plan Ocean Wind 1 Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Joint responsibility in the development of effective wind-turbine collision-reducing solutions May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
2023 North American State of the Bats Report Bat Conservation International Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future Soukissian, T., O’Hagan, A-M., Azzellino, A. Report Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Standardised and referenced acoustic monitoring reliably estimates bat fatalities at wind turbines: comments on 'Limitations of acoustic monitoring at wind turbines to evaluate fatality risk of bats' Behr, O., Barre, K., Bontadina, F. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
An integrated conceptual model to characterize the effects of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services Baulaz, Y., Mouchet, M., Niquil, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Windfarm collisions in medium-sized raptors: even increasing populations can suffer strong demographic impacts Duriez, O., Pilard, P., Saulnier, N. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
An ecological risk assessment for the impacts of offshore wind farms on birds in Australia Reid, K., Baker, G., Woehler, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Passerines, Seabirds
The bigger picture: developing a low-cost graphical user interface to process drone imagery of tidal stream environments Slingsby, J., Scott, B., Kregting, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2022 Magnus, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Drivers of bat activity at wind turbines advocate for mitigating bat exposure using multicriteria algorithm-based curtailment Barre, K., Froidevaux, J., Sotillo, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Short Science Summary: Collision Risk Modeling – A Tool for Assessing Risks to Raptors at Wind Energy Facilities WREN, Dempsey, L., Hein, C. Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Simulating the influences of bat curtailment on power production at wind energy facilities Hayes, M., Lindsay, S., Solick, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
A framework for improving treatment of uncertainty in offshore wind assessments for protected marine birds Searle, K., O'Brien, S., Jones, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds
Safe passage for fish: The case for in-stream turbines Brown, E., Sulaeman, S., Quispe-Abad, R. Journal Article Marine Energy, Riverine Changes in Flow, Collision, Noise Fish
Conservation: Tracking bats around wind turbines O'Mara, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Reducing bat mortality at wind farms using site-specific mitigation measures: a case study in the Mediterranean region, Croatia Rnjak, D., Janeš, M. , Križan, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Flight Type and Seasonal Movements Are Important Predictors for Avian Collisions in Wind Farms Puente, A., Balmori, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Birds vs. wind power – significant bird impacts of wind turbines in Finnish environmental impact assessment reports Hagman, A. Thesis Wind Energy Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Interdisciplinary analysis of wind energy - a focus on France Kinani, K., Meunier, S., Vido, L. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
EU Species Protection Law and Wind Energy: Current Challenges and Danish Experiences Anker, H., Olsen, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions
Institutional acceptance of wildlife mitigation technologies for wind energy: The case of Israel Cohen, A., Fischhendler, I., Katz, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds
5th ScotMER Symposium: Ornithology 1 Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Effectiveness of an artificial intelligence-based system to curtail wind turbines to reduce eagle collisions Duerr, A., Parsons, A., Nagy, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
A utilization distribution for the global population of Cape Vultures (Gyps coprotheres) to guide wind energy development Cervantes, F., Murgatroyd, M., Allan, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Reconciling climate action with the need for biodiversity protection, restoration and rehabilitation Gorman, C., Torsney, A., Gaughran, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Game bird carcasses are less persistent than raptor carcasses, but can predict raptor persistence dynamics Hallingstad, E., Riser-Espinoza, D., Brown, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Bird carcass detection from integrated trials at multiple wind farms Kitano, M., Smallwood, K. Shawn, Fukaya, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Large soaring raptors vs wind turbines development in the Swiss Alps Vignali, S., Braunisch, V., Arlettaz, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors

Displaying 321 - 360 of 1656 results