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Birds

Birds - Seagull
A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2950

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Collision Risks Between Marine Renewable Energy Devices and Mammals, Fish and Diving Birds Wilson, B., Batty, R., Daunt, F. Report Marine Energy Collision Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Poor Evidence-Base For Assessment Of Windfarm Impacts On Birds Steward, G., Pullin, A., Coles, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Variation in Bat and Bird Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities: Assessing the Effects of Rotor Size and Tower Height Barclay, R., Baerwald, E., Gruver, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Proceedings of the NWCC Wildlife Workgroup Research Planning Meeting VI Schwartz, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Eagle Owl and Wind Power development at Karmøy, Western Norway Rov, N., Jacobsen, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Development of a Cost-Effective System to Monitor Wind Turbines for Bird and Bat Collisions Phase I: Sensor System Feasibility Study Pandey, A., Hermence, J., Harness, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Post-construction monitoring report for avian and bat mortality at the NPPD Ainsworth Wind Farm Derby, C., Dahl, A., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Renewable Energy Resources and Wildlife: Impacts and Opportunities Arnett, E., Strickland, M., Morrison, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Protocol for Investigating Displacement Effects of Wind Facilities on Grassland Songbirds Erickson, W., Strickland, D., Shaffer, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Passerines, Birds, Bats
What is migration? Dingle, H., Alistair, V. Journal Article Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Terrestrial Mammals
Annual FEPA Monitoring Report (2005-6) Rhyl Flats Offshore Wind Farm Interim Ornithology Chapter Gill, J.P., Mitchell, A., Pinder, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Collision Mortalities at Horseshoe Shoal of Bird Species of Special Concern Hatch, J., Brault, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Catalog of Oregon Seabird Colonies Biological Technical Publication Naughton, M., Pitkin, D., Lowe, R. Report Birds, Seabirds
Proceedings of the Effects of Oil on Wildlife: Research, Rehabilitation, and General Concerns Massey, J. Conference Paper Chemicals Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals
At-sea distribution and abundance of seabirds off southern California: A 20-year comparison Mason, J., McChesney, G., McIver, W. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds
The Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) on Sleneset and Windpower Jacobsen, K., Rov, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Raptors, Birds
Regulating Avian Impacts Under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and Other Laws: The Wind Industry Collides with One of its Own, the Environmental Protection Movement McKinsey, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Estimation of seabird numbers in the German North Sea throughout the annual cycle and their biogeographic importance Garthe, S., Sonntag, N., Schwemmer, P. Magazine Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Applying Radar Technology to Migratory Bird Conservation and Management: Strengthening and Expanding a Collaborative Ruth, J. Report Wind Energy Birds, Bats
Impact of Wind Turbines on Birds in Zeebrugge (Belgium): Significant Effect on Breeding Tern Colony Due to Collisions Everaert, J., Stienen, E. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Seabirds, Birds
Response of Night-Migrating Songbirds in Cloud to Colored and Flashing Light Evans, W., Akashi, Y., Altman, N. Journal Article Lighting Birds, Passerines
Tern Observations Near Monomoy Island ESS Group Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Avian/Wind Statistical Peer Review Project Surles, T., Vine, E. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Spring 2006 Bird and Bat Migration Surveys at the Proposed Deerfield Wind Project in Searsburg and Readsboro, Vermont Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Collision risks between marine renewable energy devices and mammals, fish and diving birds: Report to the Scottish Executive Wilson, B., Batty, R., Daunt, F. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Collision Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Results of Wildlife Movement Monitoring Using an Infrared Sensing Remote Camera Located Under Wind Turbine 7, Searsburg Wind Project April-November 2006 Wallin, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Passerines, Terrestrial Mammals
A Radar Study of Marbled Murrelets at the Proposed Bear River Windpark, California, Summer 2006 Cooper, B., Sanzenbacher, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Seabirds
Offshore Wind Farms and the Environment: Danish Experiences from Horns Rev and Nysted Danish Energy Agency Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
The impact of repowering of wind farms on birds and bats Hötker, H. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Nocturnal Bird Migration Over an Appalachian Ridge at a Proposed Wind Power Project Mabee, T., Cooper, B., Plissner, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Fate of Unproductive and Unattractive Habitats: Recent Changes in Iberian Steppes and their Effects on Endangered Avifauna Laiolo, P., Tella, J. Journal Article Habitat Change Passerines, Birds
Use of Aerial Surveys to Detect Bird Displacement by Offshore Windfarms Maclean, I., Skov, H., Rehfisch, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Long-tailed Duck Report, Winter 2005-2006 ESS Group Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Waterfowl
Potential Impacts to Predator-Prey Relationships as a Result of the Proposed Cape Wind Project in Nantucket Sound ESS Group Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals
Monitoring of Bird and Bat Collisions with Wind Turbines at the Summerview Wind Power Project, Alberta 2005-2006 Brown, W., Hamilton, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
2006 Rare Bird Survey at the Proposed Clayton Wind Project in Clayton, New York Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Wind Farm Related Mortality Among Avian Migrants - A Remote Sensing Study and Model Analysis Desholm, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
The Effects of Wind Turbines on Antipredator Behavior in California Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) Rabin, L., Coss, R., Owings, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise, Collision, Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
A Review of the Impacts of Wind Farms on Hen Harriers Circus cyaneus and an Estimation of Collision Avoidance Rates Whitfield, D., Madders, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Spatial Association as an Indicator of the Potential for Future Interactions Between Wind Energy Developments and Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos in Scotland Fielding, A., Whitfield, D., McLeod, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds

Displaying 2601 - 2640 of 2950 results