Birds

A broad term that applies to all species of birds.

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong, lightweight skeleton. With approximately ten thousand species, birds rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, with more than half of those being passerines.

Collision with wind turbine blades can kill birds, though the impact of individual deaths on the greater population varies greatly based on species. Research continues to explore mitigation such as operation limitations, siting location, and lighting selection. Bird collisions with offshore wind turbines present an additional challenge of being unable to count bodies to determine the scale of mortality. Marine renewable energy devices likely pose little threat to diving birds colliding with tidal turbines, or birds colliding with floating wave energy devices. Birds are classified in the following categories:

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Birds.

Total: 2731

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Bird and Bat Behavior and Mortality at a Northern Iowa Windfarm Jain, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Preliminary Investigations of Bird-Turbine Collisions at Nysted Offshore Wind Farm and Final Quality Control of Thermal Animal Detection System (TADS) Desholm, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Waterfowl, Seabirds, Birds
Repowering the APWRA: Forecasting and Minimizing Avian Mortality without Significant Loss of Power Generation Smallwood, K., Neher, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Stateline Wind Project Wildlife Monitoring Final Report: July 2001 - December 2003 Erickson, W., Jeffrey, J., Kronner, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds, Bats
Ecology and Demography of Bicknell's Thrush on East Mountain, East Haven, Vermont: Evaluating Potential Impacts of Wind Turbine Construction Rimmer, C., Faccio, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Passerines, Birds
WT-Bird: Bird Collision Recording for Offshore Wind Farms Wiggelinkhuizen, E., Rademakers, L., Barhorst, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Wind Turbine Interactions with Birds and Bats: A Summary of Research Results and Remaining Questions National Wind Coordinating Collaborative Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Wind Farm Planning at the Gulf of Suez Clausen, N., Mortensen, N., Hansen, J. Report Wind Energy Birds
Effects of Wind Farms on Birds Langston, R., Pullan, J. Book Wind Energy Birds
Nocturnal Bird Migration in Northeastern Oregon and Southeastern Washington Mabee, T., Cooper, B. Journal Article Birds, Passerines, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Bird and Bat Monitoring at the McBride Lake Wind Farm, Alberta 2003-2004 Brown, W., Hamilton, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Avian Monitoring and Risk Assessment at the Tehachapi Pass Wind Resource Area: Period of Performance: October 2, 1996 - May 27, 1998 Anderson, R., Newmann, N., Tom, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Population Level Survey of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in the Western United States Good, R., Nielson, R., Sawyer, H. Report Birds, Raptors
Bird Monitoring at Toronto's Exhibition Place Wind Turbine James, R., Coady, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Analysis of Potential Wildlife/Wind Plant Interactions Bighorn Site, Klickitat County, Washington Johnson, G., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
A Preliminary Assessment of Potential Avian Interactions at Four Proposed Wind Energy Facilities on Vandenberg Air Force Base, California: Period of Performance: November 2001 - May 2002 BioResource Consultants Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Scaling Possible Adverse Effects of Marine Wind Farms on Seabirds: Developing and Applying a Vulnerability Index Garthe, S., Hüppop, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary: Seabirds List National Marine Sanctuaries Webpage Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
A Comparison of Nocturnal Call Counts of Migrating Birds and Reflectivity Measurements on Doppler Radar Farnsworth, A., Gauthreaux, S. Jr., Blaricom, D. Journal Article Birds
Review of the Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms on Migrating and Overwintering Swans and Geese in the SEA 5 Area Barton, C., Pollock, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Shorebirds
Windfarm Impacts on Blanket Peat Habitats in Scotland Dargie, T. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Proceedings of the Wind Energy and Birds/Bats Workshop: Understanding and Resolving Bird and Bat Impacts Schwartz, S. Workshop Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
The Marine Habitat Classification for Britain and Ireland Connor, D., Allen, J., Golding, N. Report Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Baseline Avian Studies Mount Storm Wind Power Project, Grant County, West Virginia Young, D. Jr., Strickland, D., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Passerines, Shorebirds
Towards Standardised Seabirds at Sea Census Techniques in Connection with Environmental Impact Assessments for Offshore Wind Farms in the UK Camphuysen, K., Fox, A., Leopold, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
WT-Bird: A Low Cost Solution for Detecting Bird Collisions Verhoef, J., Eecen, P., Nijdam, R. Report Wind Energy Birds
Does the Wind Power Industry Threaten Marbled Murrelets or Do Marbled Murrelets Threaten the Wind Power Industry? Cooper, J., Beauchesne, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Bouw en exploitatie van een windmolenpark op de Thorntonbank in de Noordzee: Milieueffectenbeoordeling van het project ingediend door de n.v. C-Power Management Unit of the North Sea Mathematical Models (MUMM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Chemicals, Collision, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
A Radar Study of Nocturnal Bird Migration at the Proposed Mount Storm Wind Power Development, West Virginia, Fall 2003 Mabee, T., Cooper, B., Plissner, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Passerines
Avian mortality associated with the Top of Iowa Wind Farm: Progress Report, Calendar Year 2003 Koford, R., Jain, A., Zenner, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
A Study of Bird and Bat Collision Fatalities at the Mountaineer Wind Energy Center, Tucker County, West Virginia: Annual Report for 2003 Kerns, J., Kerlinger, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Behavioural and Environmental Correlates of Soaring-Bird Mortality at On-Shore Wind Turbines Barrios, L., Rodríguez, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
The Effects of a Wind Farm on Birds in a Migration Point: The Strait of Gibraltar de Lucas, M., Janss, G., Ferrer, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Avoidance Birds
Session: Development and application of guidelines for siting, constructing, operating and monitoring wind turbines Manville, A., Hueckel, G. Conference Paper Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Visual and Radar Observations of Birds in Relation to Collision Risk at the Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm Christensen, T., Hounisen, J., Clausager, I. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Investigations of Birds During Construction and Operation of Nysted Offshore Wind Farm at Rødsand Kahlert, J., Petersen, I., Fox, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds
Exploitation of Renewable Energy Sources and Sustainable Management of the Territory: Wind Farms in Regione Liguria Solari, P., Minervini, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Baseline Studies North Sea Wind Farms: Lot 5 Marine Birds in and Around the Future Sites Nearshore Windfarm (NSW) and Q7 Leopold, M., Camphuysen, K., ter Braak, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Developing Methods To Reduce Bird Mortality In The Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Smallwood, K., Thelander, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Recording Foraging Seabirds at Sea: Standardised Recording and Coding of Foraging Behaviour and Multi-Species Foraging Associations Camphuysen, K., Garthe, S. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds
Displaying 2521 - 2560 of 2731 results