United Kingdom



The United Kingdom (UK) is located in Northern Europe, covering 242,495 km2 (93,628 mile2) of land surface and having a population of 66.2 Million (2017).  The UK’s primary energy production is 1,245 terawatt-hours (TWh), and energy supply per capita is 32 MWh (UN data, 2017). Oil is both the largest source of primary energy production and the largest source of primary energy consumption (The Shift Project, 2014).  102 species are listed as threatened (UN data, 2017).

 

As of 2015, the UK has 3,200 kW installed capacity of tidal energy (OES). The UK is currently a member of Ocean Energy Systems, participating in Annex IV.

 

As of 2016, the UK has 15,700 MW total installed wind power capacity, including 5,100 MW offshore capacity (IEA Wind). The UK generated 38 TWh of electricity from wind in 2016 (IEA Wind). The UK is currently a member of IEA Wind, participating in WREN.
Total Results: 754
Title Author Date Type of Content Technology Type Stressorsort descending Receptor
Measurements of Shoreline Wave Action to Establish Possible Environmental and Ecological Effects from Wave Energy Converter Arrays Beharie, R. September 2011 Conference Paper Marine Energy (General), Wave Changes in Flow
Measurements of Underwater Noise During Construction of Offshore Wind Farms and Comparison with Background Noise Nedwell, J., Langworthy, J., Howell, D. November 2004 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Noise
Modelling Analysis of the Sensitivity of Shoreline Change to a Wave Farm Millar, D., Smith, H., Reeve, D. April 2007 Journal Article Marine Energy (General), Wave Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Modelling the Biological Significance of Behavioural Change in Coastal Bottlenose Dolphins in Response to Disturbance New, L., et al. April 2013 Journal Article Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Modelling the Vertical Directivity of Noise from Underwater Drilling Ward, P., Needham, K. December 2012 Conference Paper Marine Energy (General), Wave Noise
Nature Conservation Implications of a Severn Tidal Barrage - A Preliminary Assessment of Geomorphological Change Pethick, J., Morris, R., Evans, D. December 2009 Journal Article Marine Energy (General), Tidal Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Navigational Safety Risk Assessment for the Wave Test Site at the European Marine Energy Centre Cantello, D. May 2009 Report Marine Energy (General), Wave Human Dimensions, Navigation
Noise Negatively Affects Foraging and Antipredator Behaviour in Shore Crabs Wale, M., Simpson, S., Radford, A. July 2013 Journal Article Noise Invertebrates
Ireland Offshore Renewable Energy Strategic Action Plan 2012 - 2020 UK Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment March 2012 Report Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Offshore Renewables - Guidance on Assessing the Impact on Coastal Landscape and Seascape: Guidance for Scoping an Environmental Statement Scottish Natural Heritage March 2012 Report Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Strategic Joint Industry Project No.1: Bird avoidance behavior and collision impact monitoring at Offshore Windfarms Marine Scotland, et al. December 2012 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Offshore Renewables Resource Assessment and Development (ORRAD) Project PMSS October 2010 Report Marine Energy (General) Human Dimensions
Offshore Wind Farms and Birds: Round 3 Zones, Extensions to Round 1 & Round 2 Sites & Scottish Territorial Waters Langston, R. February 2010 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Offshore Wind Farms and Commercial Fisheries in the UK: A Study in Stakeholder Consultation Gray, T., Haggett, C., Bell, D. January 2005 Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
Options and Opportunities for Marine Fisheries Mitigation Associated with Windfarms Blyth-Skyrme, R. January 2010 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Out of Sight but Not out of Mind? Public Perceptions of Wave Energy Bailey, I., West, J., Whitehead, I. June 2011 Journal Article Marine Energy (General), Wave Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Oyster 2 (Phase 1) Decommissioning Programme Aquamarine Power July 2011 Report Marine Energy (General), Wave Habitat Change Physical Environment
Oyster 2 Wave Energy Project Environmental Statement Aquamarine Power June 2011 Report Marine Energy (General), Wave
Population Sizes of Seabirds Breeding in Scottish SPAs Lewis, M., et al. July 2012 Report Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Birds
Preliminary Assessment of the Conservation Importance of Benthic Epifaunal Species and Habitats Moore, C. January 2009 Report Marine Energy (General) Changes in Flow Invertebrates
Project Adair: Mapping Marine Heritage Sites in Orkney and the Pentland Firth Pollard, E., et al. March 2012 Report Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
Proposed Torr Head Tidal Scheme Environmental Scoping Report THETIS Energy September 2009 Report Marine Energy (General), Tidal Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Radar Monitoring of Migrating Pink-Footed Geese: Behavioural Responses to Offshore Wind Farm Development Plonczkier, P., Simms, I. August 2012 Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Radio Telemetry as a Tool for Impact Assessment of Wind Farms: The Case of Little Terns Sterna albifrons at Scroby Sands, Norfolk, UK Perrow, M., et al. March 2006 Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Ramsey Sound Tidal Energy Limited Non-Technical Summary of the Environmental Statement Tidal Energy October 2009 Report Marine Energy (General), Tidal Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Ramsey Sound Tidal Energy Limited Scoping Report Tidal Energy November 2008 Report Marine Energy (General), Tidal Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Regional Locational Guidance for Wave and Tidal Energy in the Shetland Islands Tweddle, J., et al. January 2012 Report Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Remote Sensing Image Data and Automated Analysis to Describe Marine Bird Distributions and Abundances Groom, G., et al. March 2013 Journal Article Birds
Renewable Energy Vs. Biodiversity: Policy Conflicts And The Future Of Nature Conservation Jackson, A. October 2011 Journal Article Marine Energy (General) Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Renewable Energy in Scotland Alldritt, D., Hopwood, D. May 2010 Magazine Article Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Review of Migratory Routes and Behaviour of Atlantic Salmon, Sea Trout and European Eel in Scotland's Coastal Environment: Implications for the Development of Marine Renewables Malcolm, I., Godfrey, J., Youngson, A. January 2010 Report Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Fish
Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan (MEMP): Ecological Analysis Data Wells, R., Shenton, S. November 2011 Presentation Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Marine Mammals
Scoping Study for Offshore Wind Farm Development in Scottish Waters Davies, I., Watret, R. November 2011 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind
Scotland's Marine Atlas: Information for the National Marine Plan Baxter, J., et al. March 2011 Report Marine Energy (General)
Scottish Marine Renewables Strategic Environmental Assessment Environmental Report Faber Maunsell, Metoc PLC March 2007 Report Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave
Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm - Coastal Processes Monitoring Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) July 2006 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Scroby Sands Seal Monitoring: Analysis of the 2005 Post-Construction Aerial Surveys Skeate, E., Perrow, M. November 2005 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
SeaGen Tidal Turbine - An Exercise in Adaptive Management Ainsworth, D. April 2011 Presentation Marine Energy (General), Tidal Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
SeaGen Environmental Monitoring Programme: Final Report Keenan, G., et al. January 2011 Report Marine Energy (General), Tidal Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Short Term Temporal Behavioural Responses in Pollack, Pollachius pollachius to Marine Tidal Turbine Devices; a Combined Video and ADCP Doppler Approach Broadhurst, M., Barr, S. September 2011 Conference Paper Marine Energy (General), Tidal Fish
Simulation-Based Investigations of Fishery Changes as Affected by the Scale and Design of Artificial Habitats Sayer, M., et al. November 2005 Journal Article Marine Energy (General) Habitat Change Fish
Skerries Tidal Stream Array: Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping Report Project Management Support Services July 2006 Report Marine Energy (General), Tidal Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Sound of Islay Environmental Statement ScottishPower Renewables July 2010 Report Marine Energy (General), Tidal Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
South West Marine Energy Park Prospectus Southwest Marine Energy Park Coalition January 2012 Report Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Stingray Tidal Steam Energy Device - Phase 3 The Engineering Business January 2005 Report Marine Energy (General), Tidal
Strategic Environmental Assessment Area 8 - Contamination of Water and Sediments Voisey, C., Tyrrell, D., Rowlatt, S March 2004 Report Physical Environment
Strategic Priorities for Assessing Ecological Impacts of Marine Renewable Energy Devices in the Pentland Firth (Scotland, UK) Shields, M., et al. July 2009 Journal Article Marine Energy (General), Tidal Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Strategic Review of Offshore Wind Farm Monitoring Data Associated with FEPA Licence Conditions: Fish Walker, R., et al. July 2009 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Fish
Strategic Tidal Stream Assessment for Alderney Craig, J. January 2008 Report Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave
Structure of Turbulent Flow in EMEC's Tidal Energy Test Site Osalusi, E., Side, J., Harris, R. May 2009 Journal Article Marine Energy (General), Tidal Changes in Flow
SuperGen Research Helps to Answer Long Standing Problem of Shoreline 'Exposure' Beharie, R., Side, J. January 2011 Presentation Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Temporal Variability in the Benthos: Does the Sea Floor Function Differently over Time? Frid, C. April 2011 Journal Article Invertebrates
The Benthic Environment of the North and West of Scotland and the Northern and Western Isles: Sources of Information and Overview Wilding, T., Hughes, D., Black, K. October 2005 Report Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow Invertebrates, Physical Environment
The Development of a Targeted Environmental Monitoring Strategy and the Streamlining of Marine Renewables Consents in Scotland Norris, J. September 2009 Conference Paper Marine Energy (General) Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
The Nature Of Scour Development And Scour Protection At Offshore Windfarm Foundations Whitehouse, R., et al. November 2010 Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment
The Plan for Offshore Wind Energy in Scottish Territorial Waters Pre-Screening for Appropriate Assessment Halcrow Group June 2010 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
COWRIE 1.5 The Potential Effects of Electromagnetic Fields Generated by Sub-Sea Power Cables Associated with Offshore Wind Farm Developments on Electrically and Magnetically Sensitive Marine Organisms - A Review Gill, A., et al. July 2005 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates, Fish, Marine Mammals
The Potential for Cooperative Management of Elasmobranchs and Offshore Renewable Energy Development in UK Waters Gill, A., Kimber, J. October 2005 Journal Article Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Fish
The State of the UK's Birds 2011 Eaton M., et al. November 2011 Report Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Shorebirds
Tidal Current Energy Technologies Fraenkel, P. March 2006 Journal Article Marine Energy (General), Tidal
Tiree Onshore Scenario Mapping Ironside Farrar March 2012 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Towards Best Environmental Practice for Cetacean Conservation in Developing Scotland's Marine Renewable Energy Dolman, S., Simmonds, M. September 2010 Journal Article Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Utilisation of Space by Grey and Harbour Seals in the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters SMRU January 2011 Report Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Valuing the Attributes of Renewable Energy Investments Bergmann, A., Hanley, N., Wright, R. June 2006 Journal Article Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Visual Tracking From a Rigid-Hulled Inflatable Boat to Determine Foraging Movements of Breeding Terns Perrow, M., Gilroy, J., Skeate, E. February 2011 Journal Article Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Vulnerability of Scottish Seabirds to Offshore Wind Turbines Furness, B., Wade, H. February 2012 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Wave Climate Investigation for an Array of Wave Power Devices Venugopal, V., Smith, G. January 2007 Conference Paper Marine Energy (General), Wave Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Wave Dragon Mitigation Wave Dragon December 2005 Report Marine Energy (General), Wave Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Wave Dragon Pre-Commercial Wave Energy Device, Environmental Statement Volume 1: Non-Technical Summary PMSS April 2007 Report Marine Energy (General), Wave
Wave Hub Environmental Statement South West of England Regional Development Agency June 2006 Report Marine Energy (General), Wave
Review of Wave Hub Technical Studies: Impacts on Inshore Surfing Beaches Black, K. December 2007 Report Marine Energy (General), Wave Changes in Flow Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism
Wave and Tidal Energy in the UK: State of the Industry Report Adams, J., Valpy, B., Krohn, D. March 2012 Report Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
West Orkney South Wave Energy Site Environmental Scoping Report RSK Environment March 2012 Report Marine Energy (General), Wave
Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus Migration in Relation to Offshore Wind Farms Griffin, L., Rees, E., Hughes, B. October 2010 Conference Paper Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Waterfowl
Individual Consistency in the Foraging Behaviour of Northern Gannets: Implications for Interactions with Offshore Renewable Energy Developments Soanes, L., et al. March 2013 Journal Article Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Long-Term Multibeam Measurements Around a Tidal Turbine Test Site in Orkney, Scotland Blondel, P., Williamson, B. August 2013 Conference Paper Marine Energy (General), Tidal Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Wave Farm Impact on the Beach Profile: A Case Study Abanades, J., Greaves, D., Iglesias, G. April 2014 Journal Article Marine Energy (General), Wave Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
ReNews Global Marine 2012 Report Westbrook, T., Kennedy, S., Wachtmeister, W. May 2012 Magazine Article Marine Energy (General)
North West Lewis Wave Array Planned Project Site OES-Environmental Marine Energy (General), Wave
Ocean Power Technologies Moray Firth April 2011 Project Site OES-Environmental Marine Energy (General), Wave
Costa Head Wave Farm Planned Project Site OES-Environmental Marine Energy (General), Wave
Argyll Tidal Demonstrator Project Planned Project Site OES-Environmental Marine Energy (General), Tidal
The Effects of a Severn Barrage on Wave Conditions in the Bristol Channel Fairley, I., et al. August 2014 Journal Article Marine Energy (General), Tidal Changes in Flow Physical Environment
West Islay Tidal Project Planned Project Site OES-Environmental Marine Energy (General), Tidal
Fair Head Tidal Array Planned Project Site OES-Environmental Marine Energy (General), Tidal
MeyGen Tidal Energy Project - Phase I November 2016 Project Site OES-Environmental Marine Energy (General), Tidal
Farr Point Wave Array - Phase 1 Planned Project Site OES-Environmental Marine Energy (General), Wave
Greater Gabbard Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement Greater Gabbard Offshore Winds January 2005 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Gwynt y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Marine Ecology Technical Report Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies January 2005 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind
Gunfleet Sands Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement GE Wind Energy January 2002 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Gunfleet Sands 2 Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement RPS Group June 2007 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind
Lynn and Inner Dowsing Hydrographic Monitoring Survey Emu December 2009 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates
Gwynt y Môr Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement RWE Group November 2005 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Humber Gateway Offshore Wind Farm: Offshore ES Description of the Physical Baseline Environment Humber Gateway Offshore Wind Farm January 2005 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Physical Environment
Humber Gateway Offshore Wind Farm: Offshore ES Description of the Biological Baseline Environment Humber Gateway Offshore Wind Farm January 2005 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind
Burbo Offshore Wind Farm Construction Phase Environmental Monitoring Report Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies April 2008 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Burbo Offshore Wind Farm Volume 2: ES Biological Environment The University of Liverpool Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies September 2002 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Ecological Survey and Impact Assessment for the Proposed Cable Route Corridor and Substation, Walpole, Lincolnshire, & Norfolk Lapwings Consultants September 2006 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes
A Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Fish & Shellfish Resources with Respect to Proposed Offshore Wind Farms in the Eastern Irish Sea Lockwood, S. March 2005 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm 2010 Construction Environmental Monitoring Report Saunders, S. January 2012 Report Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Noise Birds, Waterfowl, Marine Mammals

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