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Wind Energy

Image of a wind turbine
The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Wind Energy.

Total: 7542

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Economic viability assessment of European flat oyster restoration on offshore windfarm infrastructure Jacobs, P., van der Hiele, T., Heringa, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Invertebrates
Benefits and impacts of offshore wind farms on benthic marine biodiversity in a life cycle assessment context Stranddorf, L., Verones, F., Olsen, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Life cycle assessment of New Jersey offshore wind Smith, M., Shoaib, N., Lal, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Mini TechSurge Report: Advancing Collaboration and Inspiring Innovation for Offshore Wind Monitoring and Mitigation Bladow, C. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Biofouling on Offshore Wind Energy Structures: Characterization, Impacts, Mitigation Strategies, and Future Trends Poozesh, P., Nieto, F., Fernández, P. Journal Article Wind Energy Changes in Flow
Modeling consequences of spatial closures for offshore energy: Loss of fishing grounds and fishery-independent data Campbell, M., Samhouri, J., White, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Wind farms through the lens of sustainability and circularity: Integrating environmental, economic, and social dimensions Arias, A., Moreira, M., Feijoo, G. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
A wind farm siting framework that integrates vegetation carbon sequestration objectives: A case study in Inner Mongolia, China Su, N., Li, X., Lyu, X. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions
Simulated meteorological impacts of offshore wind turbines and sensitivity to the amount of added turbulence kinetic energy Quint, D., Lundquist, J., Bodini, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Leveraging Protected Species Observer (PSO) data for conservation in offshore wind energy development Reiser, c., Conners, M., Smultea, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Marine Renewable Energy and Its Role in Sustainable Blue Economy Gulbinskas, S. Book Chapter Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Integrating Biodiversity Impacts into Life Cycle Assessment: Applied to a case study of onshore wind power production Demyanenko, S. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Strategic Compensation Studies: Overview of Red-throated Diver Compensation Measures and Opportunities for Improving Ecological Outcomes Offshore Wind Industry Council (OWIC) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Navigation
A global review of Procellariiform flight height, flight speed and nocturnal activity: Implications for offshore wind farm collision risk Miller, M., Petrovic, S., Clarke, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Economic Viability and Environmental Assessment of Marine Renewable Energy Technologies: A Comparative Framework for Tidal Stream Energy and Offshore Wind Power in the United States Bajaj, A. Journal Article Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Passerines, Fish, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Navigation, Social & Economic Data
Exploring Animal Behavior Through Sound: Volume 2 Erbe, C., Thomas, J. Book Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals
Financing marine restoration through offshore wind investments van Sluis, C., van Onselen, E., Airoldi, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Environmental Monitoring & Faster Consenting for Offshore Wind Quinn, T., Rees, M., Whalley, C. Podcast Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Marine Mammal Acoustics in a Noisy Ocean Erbe, C., Houser, D., Bowles, A. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
A flexible framework for species based regional cumulative effects assessments to support offshore wind energy planning and management Ferguson, M., Williams, K., Goodale, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Focal Fisheries Requirements for Floating Offshore Wind Co-Design in the Gulf of Maine and the Mid-Atlantic Bight Rzeszowski, E., Brady, D., Pol, M. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
Seabirds in 3D: A Framework to Evaluate Collision Vulnerability with Future Offshore Wind Developments [Final Report] Wallach, E., Chamberlin, C., Jacobson, A. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Floating Offshore Wind Farms Attract Japanese Horse Mackerel Tsuchida, S., Kato, R., Nishitsuji, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction Fish
Day-night redistribution of air pollutants induced by onshore wind farm clusters in winter Wang, Q., Ye, S., Du, X. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Drivers, barriers and policy options to renewable energy development in Native American communities: A systematic review Nsude, C., Connelly, S., Demir, F. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Elasmobranchs in offshore wind farms Hermans, A., Sumner-Hempel, A., van den Brink, X. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction Fish
Partial Niche Partitioning in Three Sympatric Gull Species Through Foraging Areas and Habitat Selection O'Hanlon, N., Clewley, G., Johnston, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
When beyond compliance is the expectation: the realities of environmental planning and permitting for renewable energy projects in the great plains of the United States Burch, C., Loraamm, R., Nsude, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Preventing scour at offshore monopile foundation using artificial reefs: Hydrodynamic processes and scour reduction Gao, Y., Chen, J., Lei, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Analyse settlement-substraat in windpark Gemini op aanwezigheid platte oesterbroedjes (Ostrea edulis) Bos, O., Kamermans, P., van der Weide, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates
Life-cycle impact assessment of offshore wind energy development on migrating bird diversity in the North Sea Critchley, E., Nilsson, A., Helberg, M Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Global Offshore Wind Report 2025 Williams, R., Zhao, F., Melkonyan, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Enhancing Energy Generation While Mitigating Noise Emissions in Wind Turbines Through Multi-Objective Optimization: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach de Frutos, M., Marino, O., Huergo, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Navigating towards environmental sustainability assessments of offshore wind farms at the end-of-life Demuytere, C., Thomassen, G., Dewulf, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Vibrations from Wind Turbines Increased Self-Pollination of Native Forbs, and White Bases Attracted Pollinators: Evidence Along a 28 km Gradient in a Natural Area Tronstad, L., Weschler, M., Storey, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Supporting offshore wind growth: Automating data analysis in digital aerial surveys to enhance wildlife protection and survey efficiency Bartlett, B., Santos, M., Trslic, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Towards a Synergistic Multi-Use in the North Sea Satish, A., Respinis, M., Breuer, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Expected occurrence of wildlife in US Atlantic offshore wind areas Brill, D., Cleary, J., Roberts, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
The impact of pile driving noise on North Atlantic right whale detection using coherently beamformed hydrophone arrays Premus, V., Abbot, P., Abbot, T. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Underwater Noise from Drilling Activities During Offshore Wind Farm Construction Mathias, D., Richard, G., Retailleau, E. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise

Displaying 361 - 400 of 7542 results