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Wind Energy

Image of a wind turbine
The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Wind Energy.

Total: 7536

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Impacts on birds from offshore wind farms in Australia: An ecological risk assessment Reid, K., Baker, G.B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Review of methods used to calculate scale of artificial nesting structures proposed as a compensation measure for Kittiwake mortality at offshore wind farms Rhoades, J., Johnston, D.T., Humphreys, E.M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
On the Concept of—and Legal Pathways Towards—Marine Co-existence: Sustainable Offshore Wind Energy in the Baltic and North Seas Neimane, L., Schütz, S., Gipperth, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
ProcBe Annual Report No.2: Year 2 The Crown Estate Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Characteristics of Ambient Seismic Noise Recorded at Offshore Wind Turbine Platform Monitoring Stations Wang, J., Zheng, J., Sun, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Life Cycle Assessment of Marine Renewable Energy Systems: A Literature Review for Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Floating Modular Energy Islands (FMEIs) Bas, B., Gervásio, H., Borg, R.P. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Bat Behavior in Relation to Wind Turbines: Attraction Hypotheses and Avoidance Behaviors WREN, Münter, L., Visinoni, L. Summary Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance Bats
Sediment grain size and bedform morphology and dynamics shape benthic community heterogeneity in submarine dune fields Chauvel, N., Dufresne, T., Le Bot, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
North Atlantic right whale localization and source level estimation using two coherently beamformed linear arrays Abbot, T., Granite, E., Premus, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Land use impacts the environmental benefits of wind energy farms in China Xu, K., Zhu, H., Zhang, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions
Minimizing Levelized Cost of Energy and visual impact in Mediterranean offshore wind farms: A multi-objective optimization approach Barnabei, V.F., Conti, M., Ancora, T.C.M. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
An Oceanography-Based Anticipatory Approach to Monitoring Fisheries and Fishery Resource Impacts From Offshore Wind Farms: A Perspective From the Mid-Atlantic Bight, USA Grothues, T., Adolf, J., Borsetti, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries
Strengthening Offshore Wind Community Engagement: Recommendations for State Agencies Clean Energy States Alliance, Equinval Partners Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
How to Measure the Social Impact of Renewable Energy Communities? Cipriano, M., Virili, F., Za, S. Book Chapter Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Managing the effects of offshore wind farm noise on marine animals: Lessons learned after 25 years of research in Europe and beyond Thomsen, F. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Progressing the Floating Offshore Wind Opportunity Quinn, T., Rees, M., MacDonald, A. Podcast Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Projected changes to the extent and seasonality of seabird habitat in the California current and implications for marine spatial planning Gasbarro, R., Ainley, D., Andrews, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Finding common ground: Assessing the Co-location potential of California's blue food and clean energy sectors Gonzales, C., Wu, G., Froehlich, H. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Testing a bat fatality detection system at wind turbines Weaver, S., Ritter, J., Commiskey, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Going slow to go fast: public response and engagement in renewable energy projects Boudet, H., Hazboun, S., Haggett, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
A novel approach to evaluate the effects of offshore energy infrastructure on the northern Gulf of America shrimp fleet Turley, B., Dettloff, K., Klajbor, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Propagating uncertainty from physical and biogeochemical drivers through to top predators in dynamic Bayesian ecosystem models improves predictions Trifonova, N., Wihsgott, J., Scott, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Evidence Review Note: Environmental Impact Assessment Offshore Wind Evidence Knowledge Hub Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
North Atlantic right whale detection range performance quantification on a bottom-mounted linear hydrophone array using a calibrated acoustic source Premus, V., Abbot, P., Illich, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
The Wind of Change: Mapping Wind Energy Growth and Multi-Species Vulnerability in Sardinia, Mediterranean Costantino, C., Cerri, J., Fozzi, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
New frontiers in wind-wildlife monitoring systems Dempsey, L., Clerc, J., Hein, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Modelling of kittiwake metapopulation dynamics (MetaKitti) Technical Report Matthiopoulos, J., Jeglinski, J., Miller, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Integrating Nature into Offshore Wind Development: Stocktake and Recommendations Finalyson, A., Selvaratnam, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Best Practice Guidance for Fisheries Liaison with Offshore Renewables Developments Fishing Liaison with Offshore Wind and Wet Renewables Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Robust real-time detection of right whale upcalls using neural networks on the edge Hyer, M., Anderson, A., Mann, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Do wind farms affect turbidity? What are the effects on benthos? Henry, S., Brenon, I., Derrien-Courtel, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality
Powering a Nature-Positive Future A Renewable Energy Roadmap Sarkar, M., Allinson, T., Asante-Owusu, R. Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Offshore wind farms and marine protected areas in European waters: Better apart than together Lloret, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Offshore wind farms in New Jersey, USA: Stakeholder concerns and anticipated impacts on recreational fishing Shrestha, K., Lal, P., Smith, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Threat Assessment for the Critically Endangered North Atlantic Right Whale (Eubalaena glacialis) Vanderlaan, A., Lang, S., Sanchez, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
The collision risk of migrating birds at wind farms: Final report VolZug project Liedtke, J., Bruneaux, M., Girndt, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Lighting Birds
Baseline surveys of Birds, Bats and Marine Mammals in areas for Offshore Wind Farms in the Danish North Sea (North Sea I): Bats – Baseline surveys 2023-2025 North Sea I Brinkløv, S., Smeele, S., Uebel, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds
Effects of chemical leachates from offshore wind farm infrastructure on heart rate and valve gape of blue mussels Alter, K., Ndugwa, M., de la Barra, P. Wind Energy Invertebrates
Understanding the spatial distribution of renewable power plants for predicting future cumulative impact on the environment: case study of photovoltaic and wind power plants in Poland Pelczar, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Multi-purpose offshore wind: A case study on integrating passive acoustic surveillance into infrastructure in the North Sea Ferris, M., Clark, E., Arranz, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries

Displaying 201 - 240 of 7536 results