Land-Based Wind

Capturing energy from onshore wind.

Land-based wind energy technologies harness kinetic energy from the wind to generate electricity. While wind energy is very abundant in many parts of the world, wind resource development may compete with other land uses and have the potential to negatively impact birds and bats, terrestrial mammals, and the physical environment overall.

The greatest environmental concern with land-based wind is collision risk for birds and bats. The construction and maintenance process can alter the physical environment by destroying or fragmenting key habitats. There are also concerns about noise and visual impacts to both the environment and people. Effects of transmission lines are also a consideration as they produce an electromagnetic field that may be harmful to some organisms. Additionally, changes in flow may also be a concern, with large wind farms potentially causing large-scale atmospheric changes.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Land-Based Wind.

Total: 2221

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Draft Black Oak & Getty Wind Avian and Bat Protection Plan Black Oak Wind, Getty Wind Company Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Avian and Bat Protection Plan for the Ocotillo Wind Energy Facility Ocotillo Express Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Bat Monitoring Studies at the Fowler Ridge Wind Energy Facility Benton County, Indiana: April 1 - October 31, 2011 Good, R., Erickson, W., Merrill, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
A Forensic Investigation Into the Etiology of Bat Mortality at a Wind Farm: Barotrauma or Traumatic Injury? Rollins, K., Meyerholz, D., Johnson, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Female Agassizs Desert Tortoise Activity at a Wind Energy Facility in Southern California: The Influence of an El Nino Event Ennen, J., Meyer, K., Lovich, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change
Big Blue Wind Energy Project Avian and Bat Protection Plan Western Ecosystems Technology Inc (WEST) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats
Saint Nikola Wind Farm: 2012 Breeding Bird Survey Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Comparative life cycle energy, emission, and economic analysis of 100 kW nameplate wind power generation Kabir, M., Rooke, B., Dassanayake, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Searches for dead birds in Smøla wind-power plant area 2011 - annual report Reitan, O. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
South African Good Practice Guidelines for Surveying Bats in Wind Farm Developments Sowler, S., Stoffberg, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Habitat Use, Disturbance and Collision Risks for Bewick's Swans Cygnus columbianus bewickii Wintering Near a Wind Farm in the Netherlands Fijn, R., Krijgsveld, K., Tijsen, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Waterfowl
New Zealand Falcon Monitoring and Risk Assessment, Hurunui Wind Farm Meridian Energy Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Raptors, Birds
Effects of Acoustic Deterrents on Foraging Bats Johnson, J., Ford, W., Rodrigue, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Where eagles nest, the wind also blows: consolidating habitat and energy needs Wilson, J., Wilson, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Life cycle assessment of two different 2 MW class wind turbines Guezuraga, B., Zauner, R., Polz, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions
Raptors in Bosnia and Herzegovina - their status and perspectives for monitoring development Kotrosan, D., Hatibovic, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Reduced Breeding Success in White-Tailed Eagles at Smøla windfarm, Western Norway, is Caused by Mortality and Displacement Dahl, E., Bevanger, K., Nygård, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision Raptors, Birds
Model-Based Estimation of Collision Risks of Predatory Birds with Wind Turbines Eichhorn, M., Johst, K., Seppelt, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Monitoring of wintering geese in the AES Geo Energy Wind Farm 2011/2012 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Habitat use, disturbance and collision risk for Bewick’s Swans Cygnus columbianus bewickii wintering near a wind farm in the Netherlands Fijn, R., Krijgsveld, K., Tijsen, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Waterfowl
Have we all gone batty? The need for a better balance between the conservation of protected species and the development of clean renewable energy Householder, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Human Dimensions
The prosecutor's vulture: inconsistent MBTA prosecution, its clash with wind farms, and how to fix it Brunner, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Multi-Criteria GIS Analysis for Siting of Small Wind Power Plants: A Case Study from Berlin Drews, L. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Mortality at wind-farms is positively related to large-scale distribution and aggregation in griffon vultures Carrete, M., Sanchez-Zapata, J., Benitez, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Raptors, Birds
Development of a Comprehensive Conservation Strategy for the North Shore Region of Minnesota in the Context of Future Wind Power Development Peterson, A., Niemi, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Passerines, Raptors
A Report on National Greater Sage-Grouse Conservation Measures Sage-grouse National Technical Team Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Avian and Bat Protection Plan: AWA Goodhue Wind Project Westwood Professional Services Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Bird and Bird Habitats: Guidelines for Wind Power Projects Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Additional Evidence for Barotrauma as a Cause of Bat Mortality at Wind Farms Brownlee, S., Whidden, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Potential impacts of energy development on shrublands in western North America Pocewicz, A., Copeland, H., Kiesecker, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change
A new method to determine bird and bat fatality at wind energy turbines from carcass searches Korner-Nievergelt, F., Korner-Nievergelt, P., Behr, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy: An Introduction Lynn, P. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind
Autumn migration of soaring birds through the Gebel El Zeit Important Bird Area (IBA), Egypt, threatened by wind farm projects Hilgerloh, G., Michalik, A., Raddatz, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Enhancing Carcass Removal Trials at Three Wind Energy Facilities in Portugal Bernardino, J., Bispo, R., Torres, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Greening the Wind: Environmental and Social Considerations for Wind Power Development Ledec, G., Rapp, K., Aiello, R. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions, Ecosystem Processes, Birds, Bats
Keeping the West Wild: Conservation and Rapid Energy Development Fargione, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Ultrasonic Acoustic Deterrent in Reducing Bat Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities - Final Report Arnett, E., Hein, C., Schirmacher, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Stable Isotope Analyses of Bat Fur: Applications for Investigating North American Bat Migration Fraser, E. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats
Multi-Year Acoustic Monitoring of Bats at the Maple Ridge Wind Project New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Migratory Bird Research for the Proposed County Line Wind Energy Site: Fall 2011 Field Season Gehring, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Displaying 1601 - 1640 of 2221 results