Seabirds

Birds that have adapted to life within the marine environment.

Seabirds are birds that are adapted to life within the marine environment. They encompass a variety of lifestyles, behaviors, and physiologies, and are known for long migrations, seasonal mating and nesting, and switching of feeding grounds and prey organisms.

Seabird populations are at higher risk from human activities because they tend to be long-lived, mature late, lay few eggs, and invest a great deal of time in their offspring. Migratory birds may be at additional risk from collision with offshore wind turbine blades or floating wave devices in adverse weather. The physical presence of any offshore structure may cause either attraction or avoidance from seabirds.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Seabirds.

Total: 581

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
PrePARED Annual Report 2025 Marine Scotland, University of Aberdeen, SMRU Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
An individual-based model to quantify the non-breeding season impact of wind farms on seabirds Buckingham, L., Masden, E. , Layton-Matthews, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Observations of marine animal interactions with a small tidal turbine Cotter, E., Bassett, C., Murphy, P. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Assessment of seabird vulnerability to offshore wind farms in China Cheng, C., Yao, W., He, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
High-resolution multi-sensor technology reveals low collision risk to seabirds in offshore wind farms Skov, H., Tjørnløv, R., Armitage, D. Journal Article Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Summary report of stakeholder engagement (WP3): AssESs - Assessing the extent and significance of uncertainty in offshore wind assessments Hague, A., Miller, S.C., Jones, E.L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Uncertainty and approaches to evaluating uncertainty (WP1): AssESs - Assessing the extent and significance of uncertainty in offshore wind assessments Furness, R.W., Searle, K., Jones, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Recommendations and Roadmap (WP4): AssESs - Assessing the extent and significance of uncertainty in offshore wind assessments Butler, A., Lorenzo-Arribas, A., Hague, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Summary report of sensitivity analysis (WP2): AssESs - Assessing the extent and significance of uncertainty in offshore wind assessments Butler, A., Matthiopoulos, J., Lorenzo-Arribas, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Review of methods used to calculate scale of artificial nesting structures proposed as a compensation measure for Kittiwake mortality at offshore wind farms Rhoades, J., Johnston, D.T., Humphreys, E.M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Projected changes to the extent and seasonality of seabird habitat in the California current and implications for marine spatial planning Gasbarro, R., Ainley, D., Andrews, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Modelling of kittiwake metapopulation dynamics (MetaKitti) Technical Report Matthiopoulos, J., Jeglinski, J., Miller, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Modelling of kittiwake metapopulation dynamics (MetaKitti) Summary Report Matthiopoulos, J., Jeglinski, J., Miller, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Evaluating aerial LiDAR and other approaches to avian flight height measurement– ReSCUE Project Validation Study Report Rhoades, J., Feather, A., Harwood, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Opportunities and challenges for new technologies in seabird population monitoring Frederiksen, M., Layton-Matthews, K., Bennett, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Wind Farms and Power Lines: A Dual Threat to Seabirds in Brazil Revorêdo, R., Santana, V., Tavares-Damasceno, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Assessing, monitoring and mitigating the effects of offshore wind farms on biodiversity Watson, S., Szostek, C., Edwards-Jones, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
The Scottish Seabird Conservation Action Plan Scottish Government Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Scottish seabird conservation action plan: vulnerability report Scottish Government Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Strategic Compensation Studies: Efficacy of predator reduction measures – a literature review Tarbet, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Terrestrial Mammals
A review of the Biological Defined Minimum Population Scale (BDMPS) approach and methodology to apportioning non-breeding season impacts on seabirds arising from offshore wind farms Johnston, D., Langlois Lopez, S., Humphreys, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Sea Space Analysis for Wave and Tidal Energy Lee, S., Strong, V., Anning, D. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
A global review of Procellariiform flight height, flight speed and nocturnal activity: Implications for offshore wind farm collision risk Miller, M., Petrovic, S., Clarke, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Seabirds in 3D: A Framework to Evaluate Collision Vulnerability with Future Offshore Wind Developments [Final Report] Wallach, E., Chamberlin, C., Jacobson, A. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Partial Niche Partitioning in Three Sympatric Gull Species Through Foraging Areas and Habitat Selection O'Hanlon, N., Clewley, G., Johnston, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
ORJIP InTAS project: Report on the distribution and habitat preferences of Razorbill on the east coast of Scotland Matthiopoulos, J., Blackwell, P., Thaxter, C. Report Birds, Seabirds
Integration of tracking and at-sea survey data: WP1. Data collation and review The Carbon Trust Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
ORJIP InTAS project: Report on the distribution and habitat preferences of northern Gannets on the east coast of Scotland Matthiopoulos, J., Blackwell, P., Thaxter, C. Report Birds, Seabirds
ORJIP InTAS project: Report on the distribution and habitat preferences of Kittiwakes on the east coast of Scotland Matthiopoulos, J., Blackwell, P., Thaxter, C. Report Birds, Seabirds
Integration of tracking and at-sea survey data: WP2. Analysis framework The Carbon Trust Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
ORJIP InTAS project: Report on the distribution and habitat preferences of Guillemots on the east coast of Scotland Matthiopoulos, J., Blackwell, P., Thaxter, C. Report Birds, Seabirds
Transport mechanisms of particulate emissions from artificial marine structures Czerner, N., Windt, C., Goseberg, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Physical Environment, Water Quality
PrePARED Annual Report 2024 Marine Scotland, University of Aberdeen, SMRU Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Relative abundance, seasonal occurrence, and distribution of marine birds in the northern Gulf of Mexico Haney, C., Michael, P., Gleason, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds
Seabirds in 3D: A Framework to Evaluate Collision Vulnerability with Future Offshore Wind Developments - Interim Project Report #2: Assessing Tradeoffs between Seabird Density at Collision Risk Height and Wind Facility Performance Wallach, E., Chamberlin, C., Schneider, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Visual fields, foraging and collision vulnerability in gulls (Laridae) Cantlay, J., Portugal, S., Martin, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Tidal Stream Energy Project: Collision Risk Data and Evidence Summary Phillips, E., Wren, S., King, G. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Towards biologically realistic estimates of home range and spatial exposure for colonial animals Niven, H., Jeglinski, J., Aarts, G Journal Article Birds, Seabirds
Collision effects of North Sea wind turbines on bird species within the Kader Ecologie & Cumulatie (KEC) 5.0 Ijntema, G.J., Heida, N., Leemans, J.J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
As built register Task & Finish Group Workshop: Feedback Report Offshore Wind Industry Council (OWIC), Pathways to Growth Coordination Group Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
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