Marine Mammals

A broad term that encompasses cetaceans, pinnipeds, and others.

Marine mammals include pinnipeds (seals, sea lions), cetaceans (dolphins and whales), and sea otters. Because these organisms have fairly advanced cognitive abilities, it is fairly difficult to gauge how offshore renewable energy devices will affect marine mammals. Some of these organisms use echolocation to communicate and navigate themselves through the marine environment, which poses a concern as noise emitted from offshore renewable energy devices can have the potential to mask or hide echolocation of marine mammals. Some marine mammals also have very sensitive hearing, which makes these organisms vulnerable to loud noises generated underwater (i.e. pile driving/construction). With these issues in mind, the stressors that pose the greatest risks to marine mammals are collision, habitat change, and displacement, as well as noise.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Marine Mammals.

Total: 1579

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Modelling Harbour Seal Habitat by Combining Data from Multiple Tracking Bailey, H., Hammond, P., Thompson, P. Journal Article Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Marine mammals and windfarms: Effects of alpha ventus on harbour porpoises Dähne, M., Peschko, V., Gilles, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Avoidance Marine Mammals
PMEC-NETS Annual Operations and Monitoring Report 2013 Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center (NNMREC) Report Marine Energy, Wave EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Draft Guidance for Assessing the Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammals: Acoustic Threshold Levels for Onset of Permanent and Temporary Threshold Shifts National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Report Noise Marine Mammals
Underwater Active Acoustic Monitoring Network For Marine And Hydrokinetic Energy Projects Stein, P., Edson, P. Report Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals
Field Surveys of Whales and Sea Turtles For Offshore Wind Energy Planning in Massachusetts 2011-2012 Kraus, S., Taylor, J., Wikgren, B. Report Wind Energy Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Using Drifting Passive Echolocation Loggers to Study Harbour Porpoises in Tidal-Stream Habitats Wilson, B., Benjamins, S., Elliot, J. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Marine Mammals
Biological and Existing Data Analysis to Inform Risk of Collision and Entanglement Hypotheses Kropp, R. Report Marine Energy, Wave Avoidance, Collision, Entanglement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Fairhead Tidal Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping Document McGrath, C. Report Marine Energy, Tidal EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
MaRVEN Research Study - Noise, Vibrations and Electromagnetic Emissions Thomsen, F. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Behavioral Responses of a Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) to Playbacks of Broadband Pile Driving Sounds Kastelein, R., van Heerden, D., Gransier, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
MERiFIC 3.3.2: Grey Seal Population Surveys of the Isles of Scilly and Parc Naturel Marin d'Iroise Witt, M. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Harbor Seals & Harbor Porpoises-Pile Driving: Detection, Behavioral Response and TTS Kastelein, R. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Responsible Practices for Minimizing and Monitoring Environmental Impacts of Marine Seismic Surveys with an Emphasis on Marine Mammals Nowacek, D., Bröker, K., Donovan, G. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals
A Protocol for Implementing the Interim Population Consequences of Disturbance (PCoD) approach: Quantifying and Assessing the Effects of UK Offshore Renewable Energy Developments on Marine Mammal Populations Booth, C., Donovan, C., King, S. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy Marine Mammals
MRSea Package (version 0.0.1): Statistical Modelling of Bird and Cetacean Distributions in Offshore Renewables Development Areas Scott-Hayward, L., Oedekoven, C., Mackenzie, M. Report Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Birds
Use of Deterrent Devices and Improvements to Standard Mitigation during Piling - Research Summary Herschel, A., Stephenson, S., Sparling, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Attraction Marine Mammals
Examining potential effects of marine renewable energy developments on top predators Philpott, E. Thesis Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment
Short-Term Disturbance by a Commercial Two-Dimensional Seismic Survey does Not Lead to Long-Term Displacement of Harbour Porpoises Thompson, P., Brookes, K., Graham, I. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Has Designating and Protecting Critical Habitat had an Impact on Endangered North Atlantic Right Whale Ship Strike Mortality? Mullen, K., Peterson, M., Todd, S. Journal Article Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Marine Renewable Energy: A Global Review of the Extent of Marine Renewable Energy Developments, the Developing Technologies and Possible Conservation Implications for Cetaceans James, V. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Framework for Assessing Impacts of Pile-Driving Noise from Offshore Wind Farm Construction on a Harbour Seal Population Thomson, P., Hastie, G., Nedwell, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Wave and Tidal Consenting Position Paper Series: Marine Mammal Impacts Sparling, C., Coram, A., McConnell, B. Report Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy Marine Mammals
Use of Deterrent Devices and Improvements to Standard Mitigation during Piling Herschel, A., Stephenson, S., Sparling, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Attraction Marine Mammals
Statistical Modelling of Seabird and Cetacean Data: Guidance Document Mackenzie, M., Scott-Hayward, L., Oedekoven, C. Report Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Birds
User Guide for the MRSea Package: Marine Renewables Strategic Environmental Assessment Scott-Hayward, L., Oedekoven, C., Mackenzie, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Marine Mammals, Birds
Deepwater Wind Block Island Environmental Assessment and Statement of Findings US Army Corps of Engineers Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Project EIA Scoping Report Statoil Wind Limited (SWL) Xodus Group Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Navigation
Potential Effects of the Interaction Between Marine Mammals and Tidal Turbines - An Engineering and Biomechanical Analysis Carlson, T., Jepsen, R., Copping, A. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Predictions from Harbor Porpoise Habitat Association Models are Confirmed by Long-Term Passive Acoustic Monitoring Brookes, K., Bailey, H., Thompson, P. Journal Article Marine Mammals
Methodology and Results of Calibration of Tonal Click Detectors for Small Odontocetes (C-PODs) Dähne, M., Verfuss, U., Brandecker, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Methods for Individual Based Modelling of Harbour Porpoise Croft, N., Masters, I., Lake, T. Conference Paper Marine Energy Marine Mammals
The Use of Acoustic Devices to Warn Marine Mammals of Tidal-Stream Energy Devices Wilson, B., Carter, C. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Noise, Avoidance Marine Mammals
Summary of pamguard beaked whale click detectors and classifiers used during the 2012 Southern California behavioral response study Keating, J., Barlow, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement Marine Mammals
Wild Whales Noise and Cetaceans BC Cetacean Sightings Network Webpage Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Hearing thresholds of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) for playbacks of multiple pile driving strike sounds Kastelein, R., Hoek, L., Gransier, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Hearing thresholds of two harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) for playbacks of multiple pile driving strike sounds Kastelein, R., Hoek, L., Gransier, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Modelling of Noise Effects of Operational Offshore Wind Turbines Including Noise Transmission Through Various Foundation Types Marmo, B., Roberts, I., Buckingham, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Admiralty Inlet Final Environmental Assessment Snohomish County PUD Report Marine Energy, Tidal Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Long-Term Multibeam Measurements Around a Tidal Turbine Test Site in Orkney, Scotland Blondel, P., Williamson, B. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
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