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Norway

Norway Country Outline

Norway is located in Northern Europe, covering 386,194 km2 (149,110 mile2) of land surface and having a population of 5.3 Million (2017).  Norway’s primary energy production is 2,278 terawatt-hours (TWh), and energy supply per capita is 64 MWh (UN data, 2017). Natural gas is the largest source of primary energy production, while oil is the largest source of primary energy consumption (The Shift Project, 2014).  64 species are listed as threatened (UN data, 2017).

Norway is currently a member of Ocean Energy Systems, participating in OES-Environmental.

As of 2016, Norway has 873 MW total installed wind power capacity, including 2 MW offshore capacity (IEA Wind). Norway generated 2 TWh of electricity from wind in 2016 (IEA Wind). Norway is currently a member of IEA Wind, participating in WREN.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Norway.

Total: 151

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Renewable energy growth amplifies land pressure on Norwegian biodiversity Borgelt, J., Gilad, D., May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
The occurrence and breeding success of Red-throated Loon Gavia stellata and Black-throated Loon Gavia arctica in the vicinity of land-based wind turbines Eriksson, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds
Life-cycle impact assessment of offshore wind energy development on migrating bird diversity in the North Sea Critchley, E., Nilsson, A., Helberg, M Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
An analysis of fishers’ concerns and knowledge gaps relating to offshore wind development in Norway Utne-Palm, A., McQueen, K., Jong, K. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Fish, Pelagic Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Reindeer husbandry challenges in winter in a wind power plant area- a study from an island in Troms county Odmann, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Hywind Tampen Floating Offshore Wind - Sound Source Characterisation of Operational Floating Turbines Welch, S., Burns, R., Lumsden, C. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Ecosystem Processes
Supplementary eDNA analyses at the Hywind Tampen FOWF – Enhanced metabarcoding shark and skate detection and additional demersal fish analyses Hestetun, J., Mugu, S., Dahlgren, T. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish
Underwater Operational Noise from Floating Wind Turbines: A Case Study in Hywind Tampen Offshore Park Bakhoday-Paskyabi, M., de Yong, K., Palm, A. Presentation Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Pelagic Fish
Life Cycle Assessment of Floating Offshore Wind Farms: The Case of Hywind Tampen in Norway Lotfizadeh, O., Barahmand, Z., Amlashi, H. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Folk om havvind: Det er veldig i det blå Bratseth, K., Skjølsvold, T., Heidenreich, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Blue Economy CRC – Report of the Offshore Wind status quo in Norway and reflection on best practices Hatlebrekke, H., Dankel, D., Tiller, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Collaboration or competition? Interactions between floating and fixed-bottom offshore wind in Norway Havinga, H.C., Adriaan van der Loos, H.Z., Steen, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Planning and Licensing of Onshore Wind Power Projects (Planlegging og konsesjonsbehandling av vindkraftanlegg på land) Ministry of Energy, Norway Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Estimating collision risk for whitetailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) in onshore wind power environments: Application of spatial modelling frameworks and predictive mapping Halgunset, G. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Environmental DNA monitoring of fish communities at the Hywind Tampen floating offshore wind farm Hestetun, J., Mayers, K., Mugu, S. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Physical Environment, Water Quality
Assessing the ecological effects of the Lista wind power park on vegetation and cervids Lebesbye, E. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Physical Environment, Terrestrial Mammals
Life Cycle Assessment of Offshore Wind Farms – A Comparative Study of Floating Vs. Fixed Offshore Wind Turbines Lotfizadeh, O. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Hywind Tampen glider monitoring Priou, P., Ramasco, V., Thorstensen, M. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates
Whose Expertise and Whose Knowledge Matter? Influencing Wind Power Decisions in Norway Bonvik-Stone, D., Lykke, K.V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Spatial Trade-Offs in National Land-Based Wind Power Production in Times of Biodiversity and Climate Crises Grimsrud, K., Hagem, C., Haaskjold, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Human Dimensions
Mapping seabird vulnerability to offshore wind farms in Norwegian waters Fauchald, P., Ollus, V., Ballesteros, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Wind energy development can lead to guild-specific habitat loss in boreal forest bats McKay, R., Johns, S., Bischof, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats
Wind Farms and Power Lines Reduced the Territory Status and Probability of Fledgling Production in the Eurasian Goshawk Accipiter gentilis Husby, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Raptors
Follow-up fishery survey in the Hywind Tampen offshore wind power field during construction and early operation Tenningen, M, McQueen, K., Mørk, H. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Fish, Demersal Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Avian Monitoring with CCTV Cameras on Floating Wind Turbines Spoor, Equinor Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Norwegian offshore wind power—Spatial planning using multi-criteria decision analysis Solbrekke, I. M., Sorteberg, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Long-term impacts of the Smøla wind farm on a local population of white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) Stokke, B., Dahl, E., Kleven, O. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
A wind of change in Norway: Explaining shifts in municipal stances on wind power by policy feedback and energy justice Eikeland, P., Taranger, K., Inderberg, T. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Avian monitoring by cameras on buoys Spoor, Equinor Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Birds
Cruise report Hywind Tampen 13 to 28 March 2023 Utne-Palm, A., Søiland, H., Sveistrup, A. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Pelagic Fish
Hywind Tampen Siemens Gamesa Project Site Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind
Effects of Wind Power Development on Reindeer: Global Positioning System Monitoring and Herders’ Experience Eftestøl, S., Tsegaye, D., Flydal, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
Fisheries survey in the offshore wind power field Hywind Tampen before development De Jong, K., McQueen, K., Hareide, N. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Do people prefer offshore to onshore wind energy? The role of ownership and intended use Linnerud, K., Dugstad, A., Rygg, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Material usage of offshore wind turbines, and its sustainability impact on the environment Liland, A. Thesis Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Measurement and Modelling of Underwater Acoustic Noise induced by Offshore Wind Turbines under the Effects of Varying Oceanic and Sea-State Conditions Konow, T. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Wind Farms and Power Lines Have Negative Effects on Territory Occupancy in Eurasian Eagle Owls (Bubo bubo) Husby, M., Pearson, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Blowing in the Wind—Norwegian Wind Power Photographs in Transition Simonsen, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Wind and Fisheries: Desktop Study on the Coexistence Between Offshore Wind and Fisheries in Southern North Sea II Austrheim, E., Dahlgren, T., Handberg, O. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data
Life-cycle impacts of wind energy development on bird diversity in Norway May, R., Jackson, C., Middel, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment

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