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Spain

Spain

Spain is located in Southern Europe, covers 505,944 km2 (195,346 mile2) of land surface, and has a population of 46.7 million people (UN data, 2021). Spain’s primary energy production is 385 terawatt-hours (TWh), and energy supply per capita is 31 MWh (UN data, 2021). Oil is the largest source of energy consumed, accounting for 45% of the national total (Our World in Data, 2023). Spain is home to 777 threatened species (UN data, 2021).

Spain is currently a member of Ocean Energy Systems, participating in OES-Environmental. Spain had 2 policy and 6 project highlights in the 2023 OES Annual Report.

Spain is currently a member of IEA Wind, participating in WREN. Spain had a total installed wind power capacity of 29.8 GW by the end of 2022, an increase of 1.67 GW from the year before (IEA-Wind 2022 Annual Report).

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Spain.

Total: 183

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Life Cycle Assessment of a Multi-Megawatt Wind Turbine Martínez, E., Sanz, F., Pellegrin, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions
Using probability of occurrence to assess potential interaction between wind farms and a residual population of golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos in NW Spain Tapia, L., Dominguez, J., Rodriguez, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
OCEANTEC: Sea Trials of a Quarter Scale Prototype Salcedo, F., Ruiz-Minguela, P., Rodriguez, R. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave
Vessel Noise Effects On Delphinid Communication Jensen, F., Bejder, L., Wahlberg, M. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Collision Fatality of Raptors in Wind Farms does not Depend on Raptor Abundance de Lucas, M., Janss, G., Whitfield, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Wind Farms and Mires in the Basque Country and North-West Navarra, Spain Heras, P., Infante, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change
Effects of Wind Farm Construction and Operation on Mire and Wet Heath Vegetation in the Monte Maior SCI, North-West Spain Fagúndez, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Sediment Transport Patterns at Trafalgar Offshore Windfarm Besio, G., Losada, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Sediment Transport, Physical Environment
Assessing the Impact of Wind Farms on the Plant Diversity of Blanket Bogs in the Xistral Mountains (NW Spain) Fraga, M., Romero-Pedeira, D., Souto, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes
PLOCAN Marine Test Site for Ocean Energy Converters Oceanic Platform of the Canary Islands (PLOCAN) Project Site Marine Energy, OTEC, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind
OCEANTEC Wave Energy Converter 1:4 prototype Oceantec Project Site Marine Energy, Wave
Biscay Marine Energy Platform (BiMEP) Arrecife Energy Systems , Ente Vasco de la Energía (EVE) , IDOM , SAITEC Offshore Technologies , Tecnalia , Wello Oy Project Site Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind
Minimal Sampling Requirements for a Precise Assessment of Soft-Bottom Macrobenthic Communities, using AMBI Muxika, I., Ibaibarriaga, L., Sáiz, J. Journal Article Invertebrates
Geographic Assignment of Seabirds to their Origin: Combining Morphologic, Genetic, and Biogeochemical Analyses Gomez-Diaz, E., Gonzalez-Solis, J. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds
Fate of Unproductive and Unattractive Habitats: Recent Changes in Iberian Steppes and their Effects on Endangered Avifauna Laiolo, P., Tella, J. Journal Article Habitat Change Passerines, Birds
Deriving Collision Avoidance Rates for Red Kites Milvus milvus Whitfield, D., Madders, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
A Bird and Small Mammal BACI and IG Design Studies in a Wind Farm in Malpica (Spain) de Lucas, M., Janss, G., Ferrer, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
A Review Of The Records Of Giant Squid In The North-Eastern Atlantic And Severe Injuries In Architeuthis Dux Stranded After Acoustic Explorations Guerra, A., González, A., Rocha, F. Conference Paper Noise Invertebrates
Behavioural and Environmental Correlates of Soaring-Bird Mortality at On-Shore Wind Turbines Barrios, L., Rodríguez, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
The Effects of a Wind Farm on Birds in a Migration Point: The Strait of Gibraltar de Lucas, M., Janss, G., Ferrer, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Avoidance Birds
Birds and Windfarms - Critical Analysis of 4 Reports on Bird Mortality at Windfarm Sites Durchamp, M. Webpage Wind Energy Birds
Using conjoint analysis to quantify public preferences over the environmental impacts of wind farms. An example from Spain Alvarez-Farizo, B., Hanley, N. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Artificial Reefs as a Tool to Aid Rehabilitation of Coastal Ecosystems: Investigating the Potential Pickering, H., Whitmarsh, D., Jensen, A. Journal Article Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy

Displaying 161 - 183 of 183 results