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Spain

Spain

Spain is located in Southern Europe, covers 505,944 km2 (195,346 mile2) of land surface, and has a population of 46.7 million people (UN data, 2021). Spain’s primary energy production is 385 terawatt-hours (TWh), and energy supply per capita is 31 MWh (UN data, 2021). Oil is the largest source of energy consumed, accounting for 45% of the national total (Our World in Data, 2023). Spain is home to 777 threatened species (UN data, 2021).

Spain is currently a member of Ocean Energy Systems, participating in OES-Environmental. Spain had 2 policy and 6 project highlights in the 2023 OES Annual Report.

Spain is currently a member of IEA Wind, participating in WREN. Spain had a total installed wind power capacity of 29.8 GW by the end of 2022, an increase of 1.67 GW from the year before (IEA-Wind 2022 Annual Report).

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Spain.

Total: 183

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Effectiveness of a mitigation measure for the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) in wind farms in Spain Pescador, M., Ramírez, J., Peris, S. Journal Article Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Dual wave farms and coastline dynamics: The role of inter-device spacing Rodriguez-Delgado, C., Bergillos, R., Iglesias, G. Journal Article Wave, Marine Energy Changes in Flow Sediment Transport, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Visual Impact Assessment for Offshore Wind Farms Along the Cantabrian Coast Lopez-Uriarte, J., Lizcano, P., Manchado, C. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Visual Impacts, Human Dimensions
Co-location opportunities for renewable energies and aquaculture facilities in the Canary Archipelago Weiss, C., Ondiviela, B., Guinda, X. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Marine Spatial Planning, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Wave farm effects on the coast: The alongshore position Rodriguez-Delgado, C., Bergillos, R., Ortega-Sánchez, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Prospective energy security scenarios in Spain: The future role of renewable power generation technologies and climate change implications García-Gusano, D., Iribarren, D. Journal Article Human Dimensions
Protection of gravel-dominated coasts through wave farms: Layout and shoreline evolution Rodriguez-Delgado, C., Bergillos, R., Ortega-Sánchez, M. Journal Article Wave, Marine Energy Changes in Flow Sediment Transport, Physical Environment
Creation of microhabitats (tidepools) in ripraps with climax communities as a way to mitigate negative effects of artificial substrate on marine biodiversity Ostale-Valriberas, E., Sempere-Valverde, J., Coppa, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates
The influence of regulatory framework on environmental impact assessment in the development of offshore wind farms in Spain: Issues, challenges and solutions Salvador, S., Gimeno, L., Larruga, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Wind farms affect the occurrence, abundance and population trends of small passerine birds: The case of the Dupont's lark Gomez-Catasus, J., Garza, V., Traba, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Passerines, Birds
Dual wave farms for energy production and coastal protection Abanades, J., Flor-Blanco, G., Flor, G. Journal Article Wave, Marine Energy Changes in Flow Sediment Transport, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Underwater sound on wave & tidal test sites: improving knowledge of acoustic impact of Marine Energy Convertors Giry, C., Bald, J., Uriarte, A. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Noise
Impact of wind farms on soaring bird populations at a migratory bottleneck Martin, B., Perez-Bacalu, C., Onrubia, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Streamlining the consent process for the implementation of offshore wind farms in Spain, considering existing regulations in leading European countries Salvador, S., Gimeno, L., Sanz-Larruga, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
The Role of Wave Energy Converter Farms in Coastal Protection Moñino, A., Bergillos, R., Clavero, M. Book Chapter Marine Energy, Wave Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality
The Role of Wave Energy Converter Farms on Coastal Protection in Eroding Deltas, Guadalfeo, Southern Spain Bergillos, R., López-Ruiz, A., Medina-López, E. Journal Article Wave, Marine Energy Changes in Flow Sediment Transport, Physical Environment
Life Cycle Assessment of a multi-use offshore platform: Combining wind and wave energy production Elginoz, N., Bas, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Testing for errors in estimating bird mortality rates at wind farms and power lines Farfan, M., Duarte, J., Fa, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
The impact of offshore wind farms on beach recreation demand: Policy intake from an economic study on the Catalan coast Voltaire, L., Loureiro, M., Knudsen, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism
Differential Recovery of Habitat Use by Birds after Wind Farm Installation: A Multi-Year Comparison Farfan, M., Duarte, J., Real, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds
Impact on seabirds of new offshore wind energy test and demonstration projects in the Biscay Marine Energy Platform (BiMEP, N. Spain) Bald, J., Franco, J., Menchaca, I. Presentation Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Impact of Climate Change on Wave Energy Resource: The Case of Menorca (Spain) Sierra, J., Casas-Prat, M., Campins, E. Journal Article Wave, Marine Energy Human Dimensions
MARMOK-A-5 Wave Energy Converter IDOM Project Site Marine Energy, Wave
Achieving Blue Growth through Maritime Spatial Planning: Offshore Wind Energy Optimization and Biodiversity Conservation in Spain Rodríguez-Rodríguez, D., Malak, D., Soukissian, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Spatial Planning, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Ecosystem Processes
A strategic policy framework for promoting the marine energy sector in Spain Vazquez, S., Astariz, S., Iglesias, G. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Effects of Wind Farms on Montagu's Harrier (Circus pygargus) in Southern Spain Hernández-Pliego, J., de Lucas, M., Muñoz, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Socioeconomic impact of wind energy on peripheral regions Varela-Vázquez, P., Sánchez-Carreira, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Action on Multiple Fronts, Illegal Poisoning and Wind Farm Planning, is Required to Reverse the Decline of the Egyptian Vulture in Southern Spain Sanz-Aguilar, A., Sanchez-Zapata, J., Carrete, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Environmental impacts over fish communities of submarine cable installation in the Biscay Marine Energy Platform (bimep) Bald, J., Fontan, A., Uriarte, A. Presentation Marine Energy, Wave Fish
Acoustic characterization of submarine cable installation in the Biscay Marine Energy Platform (bimep) Bald, J., Hernández, C., Uriarte, A. Presentation Marine Energy, Wave Noise
The Environmental Impact Study of the Biscay Marine Energy Platform (BiMEP) project Bald, J., Del Campo, A., Franco, J. Presentation Marine Energy, Wave Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental impacts over the seabed and benthic communities of submarine cable installation in the Biscay Marine Energy Platform (bimep) Bald, J., Hernández, C., Galparsoro, I. Presentation Marine Energy, Wave Habitat Change Invertebrates
Environmental Monitoring Plan of the pre-operational phase of the Biscay Marine Energy Platform (bimep) project Bald, J., Galparsoro, I., Gonzalez, M. Presentation Marine Energy, Wave
Public Perceptions and Externalities in Tidal Stream Energy: A Valuation for Policy Making Vazquez, A., Iglesias, G. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Characterization of the Ultrasonic Acoustic Field of a Wind Turbine Pereira, M., Fonseca, C., Inácio, O. Conference Paper Wind Energy Bats
Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Wind Farms on Birds and Bats Atienza, J., Martín-Fierro, I., Infante, O. Report Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Wave Farm Impact: The Role of Farm-to-Coast Distance Iglesias, G., Carballo, R. Journal Article Wave, Marine Energy Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Floating Vs. Bottom-Fixed Turbines for Tidal Stream Energy: A Comparative Impact Assessment Sanchez, M., Carballo, R., Ramos, V. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal
Energy of Marine Currents in the Strait of Gibraltar and its Potential as a Renewable Energy Resource Quesada, M., Lafuente, J., Garrido, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal
A Wave Farm for an Island: Detailed Effects on the Nearshore Wave Climate Veigas, M., Ramos, V., Iglesias, G. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Changes in Flow

Displaying 81 - 120 of 183 results