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Spain

Spain

Spain is located in Southern Europe, covers 505,944 km2 (195,346 mile2) of land surface, and has a population of 46.7 million people (UN data, 2021). Spain’s primary energy production is 385 terawatt-hours (TWh), and energy supply per capita is 31 MWh (UN data, 2021). Oil is the largest source of energy consumed, accounting for 45% of the national total (Our World in Data, 2023). Spain is home to 777 threatened species (UN data, 2021).

Spain is currently a member of Ocean Energy Systems, participating in OES-Environmental. Spain had 2 policy and 6 project highlights in the 2023 OES Annual Report.

Spain is currently a member of IEA Wind, participating in WREN. Spain had a total installed wind power capacity of 29.8 GW by the end of 2022, an increase of 1.67 GW from the year before (IEA-Wind 2022 Annual Report).

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Spain.

Total: 183

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Environmental Impacts over the Seabed and Benthic Communities of Underwater Cable Installation in the Biscay Marine Energy Platform (BIMEP) Bald, J., Hernández, C., Galparsoro, I. Presentation Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates
First Interim Report of the Working Group on Marine Renewable Energy (WGMRE) International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Ecosystem Processes
Tidal stream energy impacts on estuarine circulation Ramos, V., Carballo, R., Sanchez, M. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Tidal stream energy impact on the transient and residual flow in an estuary: A 3D analysis Sanchez, M., Carballo, R., Ramos, V. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Offshore wind farm design with the Coral Reefs Optimization algorithm Salcedo-Sanz, S., Gallo-Marazuela, D., Pastor-Sánchez, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Invertebrates
Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm Effects on Birds and Needs to Plan their Future Development in Spain Mateos-Rodriguez, M., Muñoz, A., Arroyo, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Social acceptance of ocean wave energy: A case study of an OWC shoreline plant Heras-Saizarbitoria, I., Zamanillo, I., Laskurain, I. Journal Article Wave Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Assessment of Basic Audiometric Functions in Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) at Loro Parque, Tenerife, Spain Lucke, K., Finneran, J., Houser, D. Report Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Wave farm impact based on realistic wave-WEC interaction Carballo, R., Iglesias, G. Journal Article Wave, Marine Energy Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Measuring the Insecurity Index of species in networks of protected areas using species distribution modeling and fuzzy logic: The case of raptors in Andalusia Diaz-Gomez, D., Toxopeus, A., Groen, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Environmental Reporting in the Spanish Wind Energy Sector: An Institutional View Mosene, J., Burritt, R., Sanagustin, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Seabird Aggregative Patterns: A New Tool for Offshore Wind Energy Risk Assessment Christel, I., Certain, G., Cama, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Interannual Home Range Variation, Territoriality and Overlap in Breeding Bonelli's Eagles (Aquila fasciata) Tracked by GPS Satellite Telemetry Perez-Garcia, J., Margalida, A., Afonso, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
International importance of Extremadura, Spain, for overwintering migratory dabbling ducks: a role for reservoirs Navedo, J., Masero, J., Sanchez-Guzman, J. Journal Article Habitat Change Birds, Waterfowl
Some Clouds Have a Silver Lining: Paradoxes of Anthropogenic Perturbations from Study Cases on Long-Lived Social Birds Oro, D., Jimenez, J., Curco, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Bat Fatalities at Wind Farms in Northern Spain - Lessons to be Learned Camina, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Griffon Vulture Mortality at Wind Farms in Southern Spain: Distribution of Fatalities and Active Mitigation Measures de Lucas, M., Ferrer, M., Bechard, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
The Development and Use of a Method to Fill Time Gaps in Migration Counts Mateos-Rodriguez, M., Thomas, L., Arroyo, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Weak Relationship Between Risk Assessment Studies and Recorded Mortality in Wind Farms Ferrer, M., Lucas, M., Janss, G. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Overview of raptor monitoring in Spain Zapata, J. Journal Article Birds, Raptors
The Spanish approach to marine spatial planning. Marine Strategy Framework Directive vs. EU Integrated Maritime Policy Suárez de Vivero, J., Rodríguez Mateos, M. Journal Article Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Mortality at wind-farms is positively related to large-scale distribution and aggregation in griffon vultures Carrete, M., Sanchez-Zapata, J., Benitez, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Raptors, Birds
Effects of wind farms and food scarcity on a large scavenging bird species following an epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy Martinez-Abrain, A., Tavecchia, G., Regan, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Mutriku Wave Power Plant Voith Hydro , Wavegen Project Site Marine Energy, Wave
Raptor mortality in wind farms of southern Spain: mitigation measures on a major migration bottleneck area Gallego, A., Lucas, M., Casado, E. Report Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Modelling Seabird Collision Risk with Off-Shore Wind Farms Mateos, M., Arroyo, G., Rosario, J. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Integrating Effects of Supplementary Feeding, Poisoning, Pollutant Ingestion and Wind Farms of Two Vulture Species in Spain using a Population Viability Analysis Garcia-Ripolles, C., Lopez, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Chemicals Raptors, Birds
Developing and Applying a GIS-Assisted Approach to Evaluate Visual Impact in Wind Farms Molina-Ruiz, J., Martínez-Sánchez, M., Pérez-Sirvent, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Cantabrian Capercaillie signs disappeared after a wind farm construction Gonzalez, M., Ena, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Potential impact of wind farms on territories of large eagles in southeastern Spain Martinez, J., Calvo, J., Zuberogoita, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
The precautionary principle and wind-farm planning: data scarcity does not imply absence of effects Carrete, M., Sanchez-Zapata, J., Benitez, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds, Bats
Impact of Terrestrial Wind Farms on Diurnal Raptors: Developing a Spatial Vulnerability Index and Potential Vulnerability Maps Noguera, J., Pérez, I., Mínguez, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
What is the Impact of Wind Farms on Birds? A Case Study in Southern Spain Farfan, M., Vargas, J., Duarte, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Birds
Large Scale Risk-Assessment of Wind-Farms on Population Viability of a Globally Endangered Long-Lived Raptor Carrete, M., Sanchez-Zapata, J., Benitez, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Raptors, Birds
Combining Vessel-Based Surveys and Tracking Data to Identify Key Marine Areas for Seabirds Louzao, M., Bécares, J., Rodríguez, B. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds
Mutriku Wave Power Plant: From the Thinking out to the Reality Torre-Enciso, Y., Ortubia, I., de Aguileta, L. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave
The Politics of Landscape Value: A Case Study of Wind Farm Conflict in Rural Catalonia Zografos, C., Martinez-Alier, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Wind Power Plants and the Conservation of Birds and Bats in Spain: A Geographical Assessment Telleria, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Bats
Potential Impacts of Wind Farms on Migratory Birds Crossing Spain Telleria, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Overlap Between Wind Power Plants and Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus in Spain Telleria, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds

Displaying 121 - 160 of 183 results