Belgium

Belgium is located in Western Europe, covering 30,528 km2 (11,786 mile2) of land surface and having a population of 11.4 Million (2018). Belgium's primary energy production is 123 TWh, and energy supply per capita is 54.7 MWh (UN data, 2018). Fossil fuels and nuclear energy are the largest sources of primary energy production (The Shift Project, 2014). 37 species are listed as threatened (UN data, 2017).

As of 2017, Ireland has 3.4 GW total installed wind power capacity (IEA Wind, 2017). Belgium is currently a member of IEA Wind, participating in WREN.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Belgium.

Total: 131

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Succession and Seasonal Dynamics of the Epifauna Community on Offshore Wind Farm Foundations and their Role as Stepping Stones for Non-Indigenous Species De Mesel, I., Kerckhof, F., Norro, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Invertebrates
Assessing Seabird Displacement at Offshore Wind Farms: Power Ranges of a Monitoring and Data Handling Protocol Vanermen, N., Onkelinx, T., Verschelde, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Seabirds, Birds
Towards a Cumulative Collision Risk Assessment of Local and Migrating Birds in North Sea Offshore Wind Farms Brabant, R., Vanermen, N., Steinen, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Passerines, Birds
Seabird Avoidance and Attraction at an Offshore Wind Farm in the Belgian Part of the North Sea Vanermen, N., Onkelinx, T., Courtens, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Avoidance, Attraction Seabirds, Birds
Rapid Macrobenthic Recovery after Dredging Activities in an Offshore Wind Farm in the Belgian Part of the North Sea Coates, D., Van Hoey, G., Colson, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
In situ observations of suspended particulate matter plumes at an offshore wind farm, southern North Sea Baeye, M., Fettweis, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
In Situ Mortality Experiments with Juvenile Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Relation to Impulsive Sound Levels Caused by Pile Driving of Windmill Foundations Dubusschere, E., de Coensel, B., Bajek, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Demersal Fish
Windpark Mermaid Milieueffectenrapport International Marine and Dredging Consultants Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Similar Diversity-Disturbance Responses to Different Physical Impacts: Three Cases of Small-Scale Biodiversity Increase in the Belgian Part of the North Sea De Backer, A., Van Hoey, G., Coates, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
Enrichment and Shifts in Macrobenthic Assemblages in an Offshore Wind Farm Area in the Belgian Part of the North Sea Coates, D., Deschutter, Y., Vincx, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Invertebrates
Airborne Sound Propagation Over Sea During Offshore Wind Farm Piling Van Renterghem, T., Botteldooren, D., Dekoninck, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
The Ecology of Benthopelagic Fishes at Offshore Wind Farms: A Synthesis of 4 Years of Research Reubens, J., Degraer, S., Vincx, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
Diel Variation in Feeding and Movement Patterns of Juvenile Atlantic Cod at Offshore Wind Farms Reubens, J., Rijcke, M., Degraer, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
Energy Profiling of Demersal Fish: A Case-Study in Wind Farm Artificial Reefs De Troch, M., Reubens, J., Heirman, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
Offshore Wind Farms as Productive Sites or Ecological Traps for Gadoid Fishes? - Impact on Growth, Condition Index and Diet Composition Reubens, J., Vandendriessche, S., Zenner, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Attraction Fish, Demersal Fish
Residency, Site Fidelity and Habitat Use of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) at an Offshore Wind Farm Using Acoustic Telemetry Reubens, J., Pasotti, F., Degraer, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Demersal Fish
Windpark SeaStar Milieueffectenrapport International Marine and Dredging Consultants Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Annual environmental report 2012 - Belwind phase 1 Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Navigation
How the Belgian Wind Farm Business Made us Discover the Challenging Environment of Marine Sand Dunes Bolle, A., Mathys, M., Haerens, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Physical Environment
Aggregation at Windmill Artificial Reefs: CPUE of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) and Pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at Different Habitats in the Belgian Part of the North Sea Reubens, J., Braeckman, U., Vanaverbeke, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
Differentiating Between Underwater Construction Noise of Monopile and Jacket Foundations for Offshore Windmills: A Case Study from the Belgian Part of the North Sea Norro, A., Rumes, B., Degraer, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Bird Monitoring at Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea - Assessing Seabird Displacement Effects Vanermen, N., Stienen, E., Courtens, W. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Learning from the Past to Optimise Future Monitoring Programmes Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
The Added Value of 'Small-Scale' Monitoring of the Soft-Sediment Endobenthos around Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea Coates, D., Vanaverbeke, M., Magda, V. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Invertebrates
Seabirds & Offshore Wind Farms Monitoring Results 2011 Vanermen, N., Stienen, E., Onkelinx, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Annual environmental report 2011 – Belwind phase 1 Belwind Report Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
Do Windmill Parks Function as a Refugium? Derweduwen, J., Hostens, K., Reubens, J. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Heading for an Understanding of Environmental Impacts Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Offshore wind energy development in the Belgian part of the North Sea & anticipated impacts: an update Brabant, R., Degraer, S., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Stakeholder Engagement
Results of the EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment of the extraction of marine aggregates in the exploration zone of the Belgian Part of the North Sea De Sutter, R., Mathys, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Social & Economic Data
Annual environmental report 2010 - Belwind phase 1 Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Navigation
Aggregation and Feeding Behaviour of Pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at Wind Turbines in the Belgian Part of the North Sea Reubens, J., Degraer, S., Vincx, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Selected findings from the baseline and targeted monitoring Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Belwind General Electric Company , Vestas Wind Systems A/S Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Early Development of the Subtidal Marine Biofouling on a Concrete Offshore Windmill Foundation on the Thornton Bank (Southern North Sea): First Monitoring Results Kerckhof, F., Rumes, B., Jacques, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Monitoring of Hydrodynamic and Morphological Changes at the C-Power and Belwind Offshore Windfarm Sites - A Synthesis Van den Eynde, D., Brabant, R., Fettweis, M. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Early Environmental Impact Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Variability Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Introduction: offshore wind energy development in the Belgian part of the North Sea & anticipated impacts Brabant, R., Jacques, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
Seasonal variation and vertical zonation of the marine biofouling on a concrete offshore windmill foundation on the Thornton Bank (southern North Sea) Kerckhof, F., Rumes, B., Norro, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Underwater Noise Produced by the Piling Activities During the Construction of the Belwind Offshore Wind Farm (Bligh Bank, Belgian Marine Waters) Norro, A., Haelters, J., Rumes, B. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Displaying 81 - 120 of 131 results