Belgium

Belgium is located in Western Europe, covering 30,528 km2 (11,786 mile2) of land surface and having a population of 11.4 Million (2018). Belgium's primary energy production is 123 TWh, and energy supply per capita is 54.7 MWh (UN data, 2018). Fossil fuels and nuclear energy are the largest sources of primary energy production (The Shift Project, 2014). 37 species are listed as threatened (UN data, 2017).

As of 2017, Ireland has 3.4 GW total installed wind power capacity (IEA Wind, 2017). Belgium is currently a member of IEA Wind, participating in WREN.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Belgium.

Total: 131

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Offshore wind farms and the attraction-production hypothesis: insights from a combination of stomach content and stable isotope analyses Mavraki, N., Degraer, S., Vanaverbeke, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish
Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season Peschko, V., Mendel, B., Müller, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Nobelwind Offshore Energy: Annual Work Report 2019 Nobelwind Offshore Energy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Annual environmental report 2019 – Belwind Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Navigation
On the food-web ecology of offshore wind farms, the kingdom of suspension feeders Mavraki, N. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Functional differences in trophic structure of offshore wind farm communities: A stable isotope study Mavraki, N., Degraer, S., Moens, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Functional differences in trophic structure of offshore wind farm communities: A stable isotope study Mavraki, N., Degraer, S., Moens, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Aligning biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services in spatial planning: Focus on ecosystem processes Van der Biest, K., Meire, P., Schellekens, T. Journal Article Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2019 De Conseth, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Attracted to the outside: a meso-scale response pattern of lesser black-backed gulls at an offshore wind farm revealed by GPS telemetry Vanermen, N., Courtens, W., Daelemans, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Empirical Evidence Inspiring Priority Monitoring, Research and Management Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Activity and behaviour of Nathusius' pipistrelle Pipistrellus nathusii at low and high altitude in a North Sea offshore wind farm Brabant, R., Laurent, Y., Poerink, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Annual environmental report 2018 – Belwind Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Navigation
Nobelwind Offshore Energy: Annual Work Report 2018 Nobelwind Offshore Energy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Annual environmental report 2017 – Belwind Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2017 De Conseth, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Irregular wave validation of a coupling methodology for numerical modelling of near and far field effects of wave energy converter arrays Fernández, G., Stratigaki, V., Troch, P. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Water Quality
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Marking a Decade of Monitoring, Research and Innovation Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Noise Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Coupling Methodology for Studying the Far Field Effects of Wave Energy Converter Arrays over a Varying Bathymetry Fernández, G., Balitsky, P., Stratigaki, V. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Water Quality
Nobelwind Offshore Energy: Annual Work Report 2017 Nobelwind Offshore Energy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Cultivating mussels in the Belgian North Sea Pribadi, A.B.K., Donatini, L., Lataire, E. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Assessing and Managing Effect Spheres of Influence Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Soft sediments epibenthos and fish monitoring at the Belgian offshore wind farm area: situation 6 and 7 years after construction De Backer, A., Hostens, K. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Seabird monitoring at the Thornton Bank offshore wind farm: Lesser black-backed gull distribution in and around the wind farm using GPS logger data Vanermen, N., Courtens, W., Daelemans, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Birds, Seabirds
Nobelwind Vestas Wind Systems A/S Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Annual environmental report 2016 - Belwind Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2016 Dumon, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: a Continued move towards Integration and Quantification Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment
Wind Farm Thornton Bank Phase 1: Annual Environmental Report 2009 C-Power Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2012 C-Power Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Annual environmental report 2015 - Belwind Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Bats, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Physical Environment
Wind Farm Thornton Bank Phase 1: Annual Environmental Report 2010 C-Power Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2015 Van Laere, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Activity Report 2011 C-Power Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Annual environmental report 2014 - Belwind phase 1 Belwind Report Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Physical Environment
Distribution of the invasive Caprella mutica Schurin, 1935 and native Caprella linearis (Linnaeus, 1767) on artificial hard substrates in the North Sea: separation by habitat Coolen, J., Lengkeek, W., Degraer, S. Journal Article Habitat Change Invertebrates
Short-term effects of fishery exclusion in offshore wind farms on macrofaunal communities in the Belgian part of the North Sea Coates, D., Kapasakali, D., Vincx, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Environmental impacts of offshore wind farms in the Belgian part of the North Sea: Environmental impact monitoring reloaded Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Acoustic stress responses in juvenile sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax induced by offshore pile driving Debusschere, E., Hostens, K., Adriaens, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
Equivocal Effects of Offshore Wind Farms in Belgium on Soft Substrate Epibenthos and Fish Assemblages Vandendriessche, S., Derweduwen, J., Hostens, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates
Displaying 41 - 80 of 131 results