Land-Based Wind

Capturing energy from onshore wind.

Land-based wind energy technologies harness kinetic energy from the wind to generate electricity. While wind energy is very abundant in many parts of the world, wind resource development may compete with other land uses and have the potential to negatively impact birds and bats, terrestrial mammals, and the physical environment overall.

The greatest environmental concern with land-based wind is collision risk for birds and bats. The construction and maintenance process can alter the physical environment by destroying or fragmenting key habitats. There are also concerns about noise and visual impacts to both the environment and people. Effects of transmission lines are also a consideration as they produce an electromagnetic field that may be harmful to some organisms. Additionally, changes in flow may also be a concern, with large wind farms potentially causing large-scale atmospheric changes.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents Related to Land-Based Wind

Total results: 2135
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Appendix III-M Supplemental Information for the Assessment of Potential Impacts to Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles During Construction, Operation, and Decommissioning of the Vineyard Wind Project Pyć, C., Zeddies, D., Denes, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Costs and consequences of wind turbine wake effects arising from uncoordinated wind energy development Lundquist, J., DuVivier, K., Kaffine, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Bats and Wind Energy: Impacts, Mitigation, and Tradeoffs Allison, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Predicting bird collisions with wind turbines: Comparison of the new empirical Flux Collision Model with the SOSS Band model Kleyheeg-Hartman, J., Krijgsveld, K., Collier, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Agassiz’s desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) activity areas are little changed after wind turbine-induced fires in California Lovich, J., Agha, M., Ennen, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Reptiles
GenEst Statistical Models — A Generalized Estimator of Mortality Dalthorp, D., Madsen, L., Huso, M. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Monitoring of the migration of birds through the territory of the Integrated System for Protection of Birds Аutumn 2018 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Wind Turbine Noise and Sleep: Pilot Studies on the Influence of Noise Characteristics Morsing, J., Smith, M., Ogren, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Behavioral accommodation of nesting hawks to wind turbines Watson, J., Keren, I., Davies, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Raptors
Carcass Age and Searcher Identity Affect Morphological Assessment of Sex of Bats Nelson, D., Nagel, J., Trott, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Using focus groups to study energy transitions: Researching or producing new social realities? Gailing, L., Naumann, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
State of the World's Raptors: Distributions, Threats, and Conservation Recommendations McClure, C., Westrip, J., Johnson, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Multi-state occupancy models of foraging habitat use by the Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) Gorresen, P., Brinck, K., DeLisle, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Interference of Flying Insects and Wind Parks Trieb, F. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Attraction
Complex behaviour in complex terrain - Modelling bird migration in a high resolution wind field across mountainous terrain to simulate observed patterns Aurbach, A., Schmid, B., Liechti, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Passerines
Out of Sight of Wind Turbine-Reindeer Response to Wind Farms in Operation Skarin, A., Sandström, P., Alam, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals
Mortalidad incidental de aves paseriformes en un parque eólico del noroeste de México (Incidental mortality of passerine birds in a wind farm in northwestern Mexico) Uribe-Rivera, A., Guevara-Carrizales, A.A, Ruiz-Campos, G. Journal Article Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Disturbance affects biotic community composition at desert wind farms Keehne, J., Feldman, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change
Explaining regional acceptance of the German energy transition by including trust in stakeholders and perception of fairness as socio-institutional factors Golz, S., Wedderhoff, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Populist resistance and alternative transitions: Indigenous ownership of energy infrastructure in Aotearoa New Zealand MacArthur, J., Matthewman, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Sustainable energy transformations in an age of populism, post-truth politics, and local resistance Fraune, C., Knodt, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Movement patterns of white‐tailed sea eagles near wind turbines Krone, O., Treu, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Assessing space use by pre-breeding white-tailed eagles in the context of wind-energy development in Finland Balotari-Chiebao, F., Brommer, J., Saurola, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Eco-innovation to reduce biodiversity impacts of wind energy: Key examples and drivers in the UK Roddis, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Modeling golden eagle‐vehicle collisions to design mitigation strategies Lonsdorf, E., Sanders-Reed, C., Boal, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Wind Energy and Bat Conservation - A Review by the Canadian Wind Energy Association Barnes, R., Hill, M., Peters, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Estimating habitat loss due to wind turbine avoidance by bats: Implications for European siting guidance Barre, K., Le Viol, I., Bas, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats
Nonlocal Inadvertent Weather Modification Associated with Wind Farms in the Central United States Lauridsen, M., Ancell, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Using network analysis to identify indicator species and reduce collision fatalities at wind farms Sebastian-Gonzalez, E., Perez-Garcia, J., Carrete, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Wind turbine impact on near-ground air temperature Moravec, D., Barták, V., Puš, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Worldviews as predictors of wind and solar energy support in Austria: Bridging social acceptance and risk perception research Sposato, R., Hampl, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Automated monitoring for birds in flight: Proof of concept with eagles at a wind power facility McClure, C., Marinson, L., Allison, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Barbastelle bats in a wind farm: are they at risk? Apoznanski, G., Sanchez-Navarro, S., Kokurewicz, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Texturizing Wind Turbine Towers to Reduce Bat Mortality Bennett, V., Hendrix, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Estimating the Likelihood of Bat Barotrauma using Computational Simulations and Analytical Calculations Lawson, M., Jenne, D., Thresher, R. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Mapping the Wind Energy Potential of Sweden: A Sociotechnical Wind Atlas Enevoldsen, P., Permien, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Bat Acoustical Surveys at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Wind Technology Center: July 2010 - November 2010 Meaney, C., Gerson, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Resolving environmental effects of wind energy Sinclair, K., Copping, A., May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Non-Conventional Energy Sources: A Geo-Spatial Study of Site, Situation, Production and Economy of Wind Farms in Satara District Sule, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions
Fragmented authorities, institutional misalignments, and challenges to renewable energy transition: A case study of wind power curtailment in China Cai, Y., Aoyama, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
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