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Marine Mammals

Breaching humpback whale
A broad term that encompasses cetaceans, pinnipeds, and others.

Marine mammals include pinnipeds (seals, sea lions), cetaceans (dolphins and whales), and sea otters. Because these organisms have fairly advanced cognitive abilities, it is fairly difficult to gauge how offshore renewable energy devices will affect marine mammals. Some of these organisms use echolocation to communicate and navigate themselves through the marine environment, which poses a concern as noise emitted from offshore renewable energy devices can have the potential to mask or hide echolocation of marine mammals. Some marine mammals also have very sensitive hearing, which makes these organisms vulnerable to loud noises generated underwater (i.e. pile driving/construction). With these issues in mind, the stressors that pose the greatest risks to marine mammals are collision, habitat change, and displacement, as well as noise.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Marine Mammals.

Total: 1650

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Evaluating Effects of Stressors - Fiscal Year 2010 Progress Report: Environmental Effects of Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Anderson, R., Copping, A., Van Cleve, F. Report Marine Energy Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish, Birds
Call and Component Evaluation for Improved Performance of Recognition of Killer Whale Individuals Nichols, N., Atlas, L., Bowles, A. Conference Paper Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
The Marine Soundscape and the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Mammals Erbe, C. Journal Article Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals
Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Marine Species: A Literature Review Slater, M. Report Marine Energy EMF Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Further Scottish Leasing Round (Saltire Prize Projects): Regional Locational Guidance Harrald, M., Aires, C., Davies, I. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Forecasting the consequences of climate-driven shifts in human behavior on cetaceans Alter, S., Simmonds, M., Brandon, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Bayesian Integration for Marine Spatial Planning and Renewable Energy Siting Halsey, K., Goldfinger, C. Research Study Marine Energy Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Towards Best Environmental Practice for Cetacean Conservation in Developing Scotland's Marine Renewable Energy Dolman, S., Simmonds, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Marine Megavertebrates and Fishery Resources in the Nantucket Sound – Muskeget Channel Area: Assessing Impacts of Marine Renewable Energy Installations on Marine Megavertebrates - Recommendations for the Proposed Muskeget Channel Tidal Energy Project Leeney, R., Nichols, O., Sette, L. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Approaches to Marine Mammal Monitoring at Marine Renewable Energy Developments Macleod, K., Du Fresne, S., Mackey, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Marine Mammals
Ocean Current Turbine Rotor Noise Glegg, S. Research Study Tidal, Ocean Current, Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals
Assessing the Responses of Coastal Cetaceans to the Construction of Offshore Wind Turbines Thompson, P., Lusseau, D., Barton, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Statutory Nature Conservation Agency Protocol for Minimising the Risk of Injury to Marine Mammals from Piling Noise Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Updated Summary of Knowledge: Selected Areas of the Pacific Coast Kaplan, B., Beegle-Krause, C., McCay, D. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
The Effect of a Large Danish Offshore Wind Farm on Harbor and Gray Seal Haul-Out Behavior Edrén, S., Andersen, S., Teilmann, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Ocean Wind Power Ecological Baseline Studies Final Report - Volume 3: Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Studies Geo-Marine Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Assessing Underwater Noise Levels during Pile-Driving at an Offshore Windfarm and its Potential Effects on Marine Mammals Bailey, H., Senior, B., Simmons, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Conceptual Model of Offshore Wind Environmental Risk Evaluation System Anderson, R., Copping, A., Van Cleve, F. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Hydrodynamics of a Ship/Whale Collision Silber, G., Slutsky, J., Bettridge, S. Journal Article Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Monitoring and Researching Ecological Effects of Dutch Offshore Wind Farms Boon, A., ter Hofstede, R., Klok, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Wave Power - Sustainable Energy Or Environmentally Costly? A Review With Special Emphasis On Linear Wave Energy Converters Langhamer, O., Haikonen, K., Sundberg, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Attraction Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Acoustic Effects of Tidal Energy Polagye, B., Thomson, J., Copping, A. Research Study Tidal, Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Fish
An Analysis of the Potential Acoustic Effects of Cape Wind's Offshore Wind Farm on Marine Mammal Populations Burgman, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Report of the Working Group on Marine Mammal Ecology (WGMME) International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Assessment of the acoustic effects on marine animals by an offshore wind farm. Miller, J., Potty, G., Raposa, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Installation of Tidal Turbine Array at Kyle Rhea, Scotland: Scoping Study Bedford, G., Tarrant, D., Trendall, J. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm - Scoping Report Szylak, S. Report Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Navigation
Further Scottish Leasing Round (Saltire Prize Projects) Scoping Study Harrald, M., Davies, I. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Birds, Seabirds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Exposure to Seismic Survey Alters Blue Whale Acoustic Communication Di Iorio, L., Clark, C. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Using Habitat Models to Identify Suitable Sites for Marine Protected Areas for Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) Embling, C., Gillibrand, P., Gordon, J. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
General Models of the Spatial Distribution of Porpoises Require Representative Data and Parsimony: Comment on Skov & Thomsen (2008) Tougaard, J., Wisz, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals
Aversiveness of Sounds in Phocid Seals: Psycho-Physiological Factors, Learning Processes and Motivation Götz, T., Janik, V. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Mandibular Fractures in Short-Finned Pilot Whales, Globicephala macrorhynchus Oremland, M., Allen, B., Clapham, P. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Introduction: offshore wind energy development in the Belgian part of the North Sea & anticipated impacts Brabant, R., Jacques, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Early Environmental Impact Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Variability Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Click Communication in Harbour Porpoises Phocoena phocoena Clausen, K., Wahlberg, M., Beedholm, K. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Marine Renewable Energy and the Environment (MaREE) Adams, T., Bainbridge, J., Benjamins, S. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Association Between Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) Mortality and Ship Strikes Along the California Coast Berman-Kowalewski, M., Gulland, F., Wilkin, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Navigation
The Effect of Signal Duration on the Underwater Hearing Thresholds of Two Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) for Single Tonal Signals Between 0.2 and 40 kHz Kastelein, R., Hoek, L., Wensveen, P. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Studying The Behaviour And Sensory Ecology Of Marine Mammals Using Acoustic Recording Tags: A Review Johnson, M., Soto, N., Madsen, P. Journal Article Marine Mammals

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