Skip to main content

Marine Mammals

Breaching humpback whale
A broad term that encompasses cetaceans, pinnipeds, and others.

Marine mammals include pinnipeds (seals, sea lions), cetaceans (dolphins and whales), and sea otters. Because these organisms have fairly advanced cognitive abilities, it is fairly difficult to gauge how offshore renewable energy devices will affect marine mammals. Some of these organisms use echolocation to communicate and navigate themselves through the marine environment, which poses a concern as noise emitted from offshore renewable energy devices can have the potential to mask or hide echolocation of marine mammals. Some marine mammals also have very sensitive hearing, which makes these organisms vulnerable to loud noises generated underwater (i.e. pile driving/construction). With these issues in mind, the stressors that pose the greatest risks to marine mammals are collision, habitat change, and displacement, as well as noise.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Marine Mammals.

Total: 1650

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Final Underwater Noise Analysis of Cape Wind Energy Project ESS Group Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Mitigating, Monitoring and Assessing the Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on Beaked Whales Barlow, J., Gisiner, R. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Understanding the Impacts of Anthropogenic Sound on Beaked Whales Cox, T., Ragen, T., Read, A. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
The MINOS Project: Ecological Assessments of Possible Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy Projects Kellermann, A., Eskildsen, K., Frank, B. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Birds
Distribution of Harbour Seals in the German Bight in Relation to Offshore Wind Power Plants Adelung, D., Kierspel, M., Liebsch, N. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Ecological Research on Offshore Wind Farms: International Exchange of Experiences - Part A Zucco, C., Wende, W., Merck, T. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Studying Marine Mammal Cognition in the Wild: A Review of Four Decades of Playback Experiments Deecke, V. Journal Article Marine Mammals
Underwater Auditory Localization by a Swimming Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) Bodson, A., Miersch, L., Mauck, B. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Humber Gateway Offshore Wind Farm: Marine Mammal Survey Report Shepherd, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals
Scroby Sands Seal Monitoring: Analysis of the 2005 Post-Construction Aerial Surveys Skeate, E., Perrow, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Environmental effect studies – Status more than two years after the erection of Horns Rev and Nysted Offshore Wind Farms Boesen, C., Andersen, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Post-Construction Results from The North Hoyle Offshore Wind Farm May, J. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Effects of the Nysted Offshore Wind Farm on Harbour Porpoises Tougaard, J., Carstensen, J., Teilmann, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
COWRIE 1.5 The Potential Effects of Electromagnetic Fields Generated by Sub-Sea Power Cables Associated with Offshore Wind Farm Developments on Electrically and Magnetically Sensitive Marine Organisms - A Review Gill, A., Gloyne-Philips, I., Neal, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Effects of fine-scale oceanographic features on the distribution and movements of harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena in the Bay of Fundy Johnson, D., Westgate, A., Read, A. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
EMEC Tidal Test Facility Fall of Warness Eday, Orkney: Environmental Statement Foubister, L. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Factors Influencing the Diving Behaviour of Fish Eating Killer Whales: Sex Differences and Diel and Interannual Variation in Diving Rates Baird, R., Hanson, M., Dill, L. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
The Influence of Underwater Data Transmission Sounds on the Displacement Behaviour of Captive Harbour Seals (Phoca vitulina) Kastelein, R., van der Heul, J., Verboom, W. Journal Article Noise, Displacement Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Impacts of Anthropogenic Sound Hildebrand, J. Book Chapter Noise Marine Mammals
Some Examples of Marine Mammal 'Discomfort Thresholds' in Relation to Man-Made Noise Verboom, W., Kastelein, R. Report Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Marine Mammal Populations and Ocean Noise: Determining When Noise Causes Biologically Significant Effects National Research Council of the National Academies (NRC) Book Noise Marine Mammals
Fish and Marine Mammal Audiograms: A summary of available information Nedwell, J., Edwards, B., Turnpenny, A. Report Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary: Marine Mammals List National Marine Sanctuaries Webpage Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Entanglement of Australian sea lions and New Zealand fur seals in lost fishing gear and other marine debris before and after Government and industry attempts to reduce the problem Page, B., McKenzie, J., McIntosh, R. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Effects from the Construction of Nysted Offshore Wind Farm on Seals in Rødsand Seal Sanctuary Based on Remote Video Monitoring Edrén, S., Teilmann, J., Dietz, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
The Marine Habitat Classification for Britain and Ireland Connor, D., Allen, J., Golding, N. Report Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Whale-call response to masking boat noise Foote, A., Osborne, R., Hoelzel, R. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Scroby Sands Seal Monitoring: Analysis of 2003 aerial surveys and summary of baseline data Perrow, M., Skeate, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Marine Mammals
Bouw en exploitatie van een windmolenpark op de Thorntonbank in de Noordzee: Milieueffectenbeoordeling van het project ingediend door de n.v. C-Power Management Unit of the North Sea Mathematical Models (MUMM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Chemicals, Collision, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
North Atlantic Right Whales (Eubalaena glacialis) Ignore Ships but Respond to Alerting Stimuli Nowacek, D., Johnson, M., Tyack, P. Journal Article Attraction, Noise, Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Marine Mammal Monitoring Plan: San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge East Span Seismic Safety Project Caltrans Report Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Large Whale Ship Strike Database Jensen, A., Silber, G. Report Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Baseline data on the harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, in relation to the intended wind farm site NSW, in the Netherlands Brasseur, S., Reijnders, P., Henriksen, O. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals
Behavioural Reactions of Free-Ranging Porpoises and Seals to the Noise of a Simulated 2 MW Windpower Generator Koschinski, S., Culik, B., Henriksen, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
SuperGen Marine Energy Research Wallace, R., Ingram, D., Jeffrey, H. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Auditory and Behavioral Responses of California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) to Single Underwater Impulses from an Arc-Gap Transducer Finneran, J., Dear, R., Carder, D. Journal Article Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Assessment of Sub-Sea Acoustic Noise and Vibration from Offshore Wind Turbines and its Impact on Marine Wildlife; Initial Measurements of Underwater Noise during Construction of Offshore Windfarms, and Comparison with Background Noise Nedwell, J., Langworthy, J., Howell, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Marine Wind Farms and Cetaceans Doleman, S., Simmonds, M., Keith, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Short-Term Effects of the Construction of Wind Turbines on Harbour Porpoises at Horns Reef Tougaard, J., Carstensen, J., Hendriksen, O. Report Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
U.S. West Coast Groundfish Bottom Trawl Survey NOAA Fisheries Webpage Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals

Displaying 1561 - 1600 of 1650 results