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Legal & Policy

How governing bodies plan for and regulate renewable energy projects through policy and legal frameworks.

Legal

There are several local and federal agencies that must approve the various components of a land-based wind, offshore wind, or marine renewable energy project throughout the permitting process. A baseline environmental assessment is typically required to identify potential environmental concerns, including the presence of threatened or endangered species. Depending on the concerns identified during this assessment, monitoring and mitigation efforts may be required during facility construction, operation, and decommissioning.

 

Policy

An in-depth understanding of the potential environmental impacts of a land-based wind, offshore wind, or marine renewable energy project is extremely important in determining the governing policies surrounding the assessment and approval of the project. The level of risk of a project presents is typically determined by considering both the known consequences of a project’s development and the uncertainty around its potential impacts. Various local, state, and federal policies have been developed to support the growth of the wind and marine renewable energy industries in a sustainable manner.

 

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Legal & Policy.

Total: 877

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Learning from Early Commercial Tidal Energy Projects in the Puget Sound, Washington and the Pentland Firth, Scotland McMillin, N. Thesis Marine Energy, Tidal Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Renewables, Shipping, and Protected Species: A Vanishing Opportunity for Effective Marine Spatial Planning? Petruny, L., Wright, A., Smith, C. Book Chapter Noise, Vessel Strike Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation
The impact of land use constraints in multi-objective energy-noise wind farm layout optimization Sorkhabi, S.Y.D., Romero, D., Yan, G.K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Establishing a legal research agenda for ocean energy Wright, G., O'Hagan, A., Groot, J. Journal Article Marine Energy Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Fulfilling EU Laws to Ensure Marine Mammal Protection During Marine Renewable Construction Operations in Scotland Dolman, S., Green, M., Gregerson, S. Book Chapter Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
A strategic policy framework for promoting the marine energy sector in Spain Vazquez, S., Astariz, S., Iglesias, G. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
A framework for decision points to trigger adaptive management actions in long-term incidental take permits Dalthorp, D., Huso, M. Report Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Resolving society's energy trilemma through Energy Justice Metric Heffron, R., McCauley, D., Sovacool, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Evolution of Marine Noise Pollution Management Dolman, S., Jasny, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Challenges in Implementing Sustainable Marine Spatial Planning: The New Portuguese Legal Framework Case Santos, C., Orbach, M., Calado, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Marine Spatial Planning, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Marine Licence Hywind Scotland Pilot Park The Scottish Government, Marine Scotland Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Wales' Marine Evidence Report Welsh Government Report Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Socioeconomic impact of wind energy on peripheral regions Varela-Vázquez, P., Sánchez-Carreira, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Renewables-to-reefs: Participatory multicriteria decision analysis is required to optimize wind farm decommissioning Fowler, A., Macreadie, P., Booth, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Enabling Siting and Permitting of Marine Energy Devices, in Conjunction with Engineering Design and Deployment Strategies Copping, A., Geerlofs, S., Hanna, L. Conference Paper Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Improving Australia's Renewable Energy Project Policy and Planning: A Multiple Stakeholder Analysis Martin, N., Rice, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Stakeholder Engagement, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
UK Wave and Tidal Stream Demonstration Zones and Test Sites Workshop Report The Crown Estate Report Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Use of the Rochdale Envelope Principle for Tidal Energy Projects Keenan, G., Fortune, F. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Improving knowledge exchange among scientists and decision-makers to facilitate the adaptive governance of marine resources: A review of knowledge and research needs Cvitanovic, C., Hobday, A., van Kerkhoff, L. Journal Article Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Australia's Oceans Policy: Past, present and future Vince, J., Smith, A., Sainsbury, K. Journal Article Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Sage grouse war tests limits of partnership in West Lavelle, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Advancing the Environmentally Responsible Development of Offshore Wind Energy in New York State: A Regulatory Review and Stakeholder Perceptions New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Regulatory Introduction: Roles and Responsibilities within the Permitting Process West, A. Presentation Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Global Wind Energy Policy and Development Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Offshore Wind Energy Development in North Carolina Stearns, B., Murphy, M., Marriott, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data
Handling the 'environmental knowledge paradox' in estuarine and coastal policy making de Jonge, V., Giebels, D. Journal Article Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Value Proposition for Tidal Energy Development in Nova Scotia, Atlantic Canada and Canada Gardner, M., MacAskill, G., MacDougall, S. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Wind energy assessment considering geographic and environmental restrictions in Sweden: A GIS-based approach Siyal, S.H., Mörtberg, U., Mentis, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Review of Consenting Processes for Ocean Energy in Selected European Union Member States Simas, T., O'Hagan, A., O'Callaghan, J. Journal Article Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Scotland's National Marine Plan - A Single Framework for Managing Our Seas Marine Scotland Science Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Loch Linnhe and Firth of Lorn MASTS Case Study Workshop Report Berx, B., Gallego, A., Heath, M. Report Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Consenting Processes for Ocean Energy on OES Member Countries WavEC Offshore Renewables Report Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Marine governance in an industrialised ocean: A case study of the emerging marine renewable energy industry Wright, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Approach to the Mid-Atlantic Ocean Action Plan Mid-Atlantic Regional Planning Body Report Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Marine Renewable Energy - The Essential Legal Considerations Chang, T. Journal Article Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
2015 Massachusetts Ocean Management Plan: Volume 1 - Management and Administration Commonwealth of Massachusetts Report Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
2015 Massachusetts Ocean Management Plan: Volume 2 - Baseline Assessment and Science Framework Commonwealth of Massachusetts Report Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Mapping of the legal framework for siting of wind turbines–Denmark Anker, H., Jørgensen, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Noise Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Visual Impacts
Key Learnings from Ten Years of Monitoring and Management Interventions at the Bluff Point and Studland Bay Wind Farms: Results of a Review Sims, C., Hull, C., Stark, E. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Is there a case for community-based equity participation in Scottish on-shore wind energy production? Gaps in evidence and research needs Slee, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement

Displaying 601 - 640 of 877 results