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Wind Energy

Image of a wind turbine
The generation of renewable energy from the wind, either land-based or offshore.

Wind energy (or wind power) is a broad term that refers to the various ways to generate electricity from wind, the air flows that occur naturally in the atmosphere due to uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the sun. The type, size, and location of each turbine depends on wind availability, directionality, and strength, as well as grid accessibility and potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Although the most common turbine design is the three-bladed horizontal axis turbine, several different designs have been developed over time, including vertical axis and two-bladed turbines.

Wind energy technologies can be classified in the following categories:

The primary environmental concerns associated with wind energy technologies typically encompass animal collision, impacts from noise, avoidance and/or attraction, impacts from lighting, and changes in flow.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Wind Energy.

Total: 7542

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Ocean Energies: Environmental, Economic and Technological Aspects of Alternative Power Sources Charlier, R., Justus, J. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy
Wind Power and Planning: The Environmental Impact of Windfarms in the UK Coles, R., Taylor, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds
Vindeby Off-Shore Wind Farm - Construction and Operation Olsen, F., Dyre, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
The Effects of Aero-Generators on Moorland Bird Populations in the Orkney Islands, Scotland Meek, E., Ribbands, J., Christer, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Seabirds, Birds
Wind Power and the Local Environment - No Free Lunches Plowden, B. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Visual Impact Assessment: There's More to it than Meets the Eye! Robotham, A., Quilleash, P., Hempstead, H. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Wind Turbine Effects on Avian Activity, Habitat Use, and Mortality in the Altamont Pass and Solano County Wind Resource Areas, 1989-1991 Orloff, S., Flannery, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Risks and Benefits of Wind Generated Electricity: Facts and Perceptions Bosley, P., Bosley, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Assessment of Avian Use and Mortality Related to Wind Turbine Operations, Altamont Pass, Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California, September 1988 through August 1989, Final Report Howell, J., Didonato, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Vindeby Offshore Wind Farm Siemens Gamesa Project Site Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
An improved marine radar system for studies of bird migration Cooper, B., Day, R., Ritchie, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Environmental Noise Characteristics of the MOD5-B (3.2 MW) Wind Turbine Generator Shepherd, K., Hubbard, H. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
An Analysis of the Efficacy of Four Artificial Reef Designs in Tropical Waters Brock, R., Norris, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Wind Farm Location and Environmental Impact Clarke, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise, Habitat Change Birds
Research Program Concerning the Social and Environmental Aspects Related to the Windfarm Project of SEP Lubbers, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
A proposed metric for assessing the potential of community annoyance from wind turbine low-frequency noise emissions Kelley, N. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Altamont: Public Perceptions of a Wind Energy Landscape Thayer, R., Freeman, C. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Wind Energy Development in California, USA Wilshire, H., Prose, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Vogels en windturbines (Birds and windturbines) Winkelman, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Prediction of Far Field Noise from Wind Energy Farms Shepherd, K., Hubbard, H. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Physical Environment
Cape Blanco Wind Farm Feasibility Study Technical Report No. 11: Terrestrial Ecology Portland General Electric Company Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Acoustic Noise Associated with the MOD-1 Wind Turbine: Its Source, Impact, and Control Kelley, N., McKenna, H., Hemphill, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise
Frequency characteristics of skate electroreceptive central neurons responding to electrical and magnetic stimulation Andrianov, Y., Broun, G., Il'inskii, O. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
Utilization by Migrant and Resident Birds of the San Gorgonio Pass, Coachella Valley, and Southern Mojave Desert of California, 1979-80 McKernan, R., Wagner, W., Landry, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Environmental Aspects of Large-Scale Wind-Power Systems in the UK Robson, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Noise Birds, Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Nocturnal Avian Migration Assessment of the San Gorgonio Wind Resource Study Area, Spring 1982 McCrary, M., McKernan, R., Landry, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Bird Movements and Collision Mortality at a Large Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Byrne, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Waterfowl, Raptors, Passerines, Birds
Method for Predicting Impulsive Noise Generated by Wind Turbine Rotors Viterna, L. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise
A Methodology for Assessment of Wind Turbine Noise Generation Kelley, N., Hemphill, R., McKenna, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise
Noise Measurements for Single and Multiple Operation of 50-kW Wind Turbine Generators Hubbard, H., Shepherd, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise
San Gorgonio Pass Wind Energy Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement US Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
The possible impact of wind power generators on flying birds Mead, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Assessment of Electromagnetic Interference Effects of the Solano Windfarm: Final Report Sengupta, D., Ferris, J., Senior, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind EMF Navigation, Human Dimensions
Wind Turbine Acoustic Standards Shepherd, K., Stephens, D., Grosveld, F. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise
GE MOD-1 Noise Study Wells, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise
Measured and Calculated Characteristics of Wind Turbine Noise Thresher, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise
Noise Generation of Upwind Rotor Wind Turbine Generators Spencer, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise
Raptor Baseline Studies in Energy Development Kennedy, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
A Workshop on Raptors and Energy Development Howard, R., Gore, J. Workshop Article Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Environmental Effects of Small Wind Energy Conversion Systems (SWECS) Lawrence, K., Strojan, C. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Birds

Displaying 7481 - 7520 of 7542 results