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Legal & Policy

How governing bodies plan for and regulate renewable energy projects through policy and legal frameworks.

Legal

There are several local and federal agencies that must approve the various components of a land-based wind, offshore wind, or marine renewable energy project throughout the permitting process. A baseline environmental assessment is typically required to identify potential environmental concerns, including the presence of threatened or endangered species. Depending on the concerns identified during this assessment, monitoring and mitigation efforts may be required during facility construction, operation, and decommissioning.

 

Policy

An in-depth understanding of the potential environmental impacts of a land-based wind, offshore wind, or marine renewable energy project is extremely important in determining the governing policies surrounding the assessment and approval of the project. The level of risk of a project presents is typically determined by considering both the known consequences of a project’s development and the uncertainty around its potential impacts. Various local, state, and federal policies have been developed to support the growth of the wind and marine renewable energy industries in a sustainable manner.

 

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Legal & Policy.

Total: 841

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Governmental Regulation of Ocean Wave Energy Converter Installations Vining, J., Muetze, A. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Wind Power Siting Regulations and Wildlife Guidelines in the United States Stemler, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
A Framework for an International Marine Energy Roadmap Mueller, M., Bailey, H., Palmer, J. Workshop Article Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Regulating Avian Impacts Under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and Other Laws: The Wind Industry Collides with One of its Own, the Environmental Protection Movement McKinsey, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Ocean Management Plan Fisheries and Oceans Canada Report Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Wind energy policies in the Netherlands: Institutional capacity-building for ecological modernisation Breukers, S., Wolsink, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Hawaii Ocean Resources Management Plan 2006 Hawaii Office of Planning and Sustainable Development Report Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
The Regulation of Tidal Energy Development Off Nova Scotia: Navigating Foggy Waters Doelle, M., Russell, D., Saunders, P. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Review and Analysis of Ocean Energy Systems Development and Supporting Policies AEA Energy & Environment Report Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal, Wave Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Development of Regulatory Requirements for Wind Turbines in Alberta DeGagne, D., Lewis, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Energy policy and institutional context: Marine energy innovation systems Winskel, M., McLeod, A., Wallace, R. Journal Article Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Precautionary Rights and Duties of States Trouwborst, A. Book Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Draft Guidelines for the Review and Evaluation of Potential Natural Resources Impacts from Utility-Scale Wind Energy Facilities in Vermont Moore, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Tilting at Offshore Windmills: Regulating Wind Farm Development Within the Renewable Energy Zone Scott, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Impacts on Wildlife and Government Responsibilities for Regulating Development and Protecting Wildlife Office, United States Government Accountability Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
Avian Collision and Electrocution Risk Reduction Adaptive Management Plan for the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Western Ecosystems Technology Inc (WEST) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
The 'Social Gap' in Wind Farm Siting Decisions: Explanations and Policy Responses Bell, D., Gray, T., Haggett, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Partial Re-Assessment of an Adaptive management Plan for the APWRA: Accounting for Turbine Size Smallwood, S., Spiegel, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds
Charting Progress: An Integrated Assessment of the State of UK Seas UK Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) Report Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Weight of Evidence: A Review of Concept and Methods Weed, D. Journal Article Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
The Need for Integrated Assessment of Large-Scale Offshore Wind Farm Development Kannen, A., Vermaat, J., Salomons, W. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Wave Power in the US: Permitting and Jurisdictional Issues Ram, B., Thresher, R., Fall, N. Report Wave, Marine Energy Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Bouw en exploitatie van een windmolenpark op de Thorntonbank in de Noordzee: Milieueffectenbeoordeling van het project ingediend door de n.v. C-Power Management Unit of the North Sea Mathematical Models (MUMM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Chemicals, Collision, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy
Wind Energy Policy, Planning and Management Practice in the UK: Hot Air or a Gathering Storm? Strachan, P., Lal, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
Managing Offshore Wind Developments in the United States: Legal, Environmental and Social Considerations using a Case Study in Nantucket Sound Santora, C., Hade, N., Odell, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Extensive Open Ocean Aquaculture Development Within Wind Farms in Germany: The Prospect of Offshore Co-Management and Legal Constraints Buck, B., Krause, G., Rosenthal, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Windfarms and Birds: An Analysis of the Effects of Windfarms on Birds, and Guidance on Environmental Assessment Criteria and Site Selection Issues Langston, R., Pullan, J. Report Wind Energy Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Adaptive Management and Ecological Restoration Murray, C., Marmorek, D. Book Chapter Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Interim Guidelines to Avoid and Minimize Wildlife Impacts from Wind Turbines US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Future Offshore: A Strategic Framework for the Offshore Wind Industry UK Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Cost Benefit Analysis of Government Support Options for Offshore Wind Energy Cleirigh, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
The Role of the DPSIR Approach and Conceptual Models in Marine Environmental Management: An Example for Offshore Wind Power Elliott, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
The Precautionary Principle in Environmental Science Kriebel, D., Tickner, J., Epstein, P. Journal Article Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Managing Washington's Coast: Washington's Coastal Zone Management Program Swanson, T. Report Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Artificial Reefs as a Tool to Aid Rehabilitation of Coastal Ecosystems: Investigating the Potential Pickering, H., Whitmarsh, D., Jensen, A. Journal Article Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Conflicting views of sustainability: The case of wind power and nature conservation in Denmark Christensen, P., Lund, H. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Wind Power and Planning: The Environmental Impact of Windfarms in the UK Coles, R., Taylor, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds
Vindeby Off-Shore Wind Farm - Construction and Operation Olsen, F., Dyre, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Large-Scale Management Experiments and Learning By Doing Walter, C., Holling, C. Journal Article Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Assessment and Control of OTEC Ecological Impacts Wilde, P., Sandusky, J., Jassby, A. Report OTEC, Marine Energy Habitat Change, Chemicals Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions

Displaying 801 - 840 of 841 results