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Human Dimensions

Potential impacts on local communities, societies, and economies.

The development of wind energy and marine renewable energy projects will likely affect human activities both socially and economically. Evaluation of human perspectives, needs, and rights is necessary to ensure that the benefits of the project outweigh the cost to local communities, society, and the economy in addition to the natural environment. Common stakeholder concerns include loss of property value or annoyance due to visual impacts; changes access to fisheries or recreation; and loss of economic opportunity or livelihood. Conversely, potential benefits of the development of wind energy and marine renewable energy projects include the creation of new jobs, increased tourism, and reduced emissions of greenhouse gases.

Included in Human Dimensions are the following considerations: Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, and Visual Impacts.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Human Dimensions.

Total: 4048

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Environmental and social impacts of tidal energy developments: A review Ayoub, M., Flannagan, M., Kindermann, G. Journal Article Marine Energy Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Storylines of Nature Inclusive Design in Dutch Offshore Wind Farm decommissioning Boer, F. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Community benefit agreement preferences for energy development offshore California, Oregon, and Washington: Insights from a choice-based conjoint experiment Taufiq, H., Stelmach, G., Rahman, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Exploring perceived impacts of onshore wind farms and the link to public support and experience Vedder, L., van den Broek, K., Junginger, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Wind Energy in Spain: Technological Evolution, Market Dynamics and Policy Outlook to 2030 Matos, C., Ferrando-Carrasco, R., Florido, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Supergen ORE Hub (2026) Strategic Research Agenda Greaves, D., Brennan, F., Brown, S. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions
Identifying causes and consequences of ecosystem decline in the Irish Sea through bow-tie analysis Kolbuk, D., Bremner, J., Cahillane, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Impacts of Climate Change on Offshore Wind Power Density in Brazil Under Different Warming Scenarios Reis, J.S., Silva, F., Gomes, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Robust delivery, fragile legitimacy: How beliefs-rooted value conflict shapes project outcomes over time in an energy transition project Farid, P., Vos, M., Zerjav, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Framework for circular economy strategies in wind turbine end-of-life management Doisy, P, Thakur, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Balancing marine species conservation with cost-effective renewable energy development Ganley, L., Redfern, J., O'Brien, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Potentials and challenges of floating wind in the Mediterranean Sea: A joint industrial and academic perspective Acampora, A., Paduano, B., Longo, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions
Beyond the Wind: Mapping Externalities and Their Role in Shaping Willingness To Pay for Wind Energy De Pascale, G., Esposito, L., Riefolo, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Bay of Fundy Mi'kmaq Ecological Knowledge Study Report Confederacy of Mainland Mi'kmaq Report Human Dimensions
A spatially explicit environmental performance indicator accounting for different life-cycle impact pathways of onshore wind energy infrastructure Reto, S., Thomas, K., Roel, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
Evidence Review Note: Offshore Air Quality Offshore Wind Evidence Knowledge Hub Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Synergies and trade-offs between biodiversity and distance to settlements in the spatial allocation of wind power Luukkonen, S., Räsänen, A., Koivula, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Evidence Review Note: Offshore Major Accidents and Disasters Offshore Wind Evidence Knowledge Hub Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Health & Safety, Navigation
Impacts of Floating Offshore Wind: Planning for a Sustainable Source of Energy Teixeira, R., Argyri, A., Efthimiou, L. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Evolution of Offshore Renewable Energy Consenting Process in Ireland: Legal and Governance Reforms Islek, F., Salauddin, M., Malekjafarian, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Life Cycle Environmental Impacts and Socio-Economic Implications of Tidal Electricity Generation and Storage in the UK Jeswani, H., Perdan, S., Azapagic, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Development of offshore wind farms from an environmental perspective Gkeka-Serpetsidaki, P., Dimitriou, I., Poursanidis, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
A Co-Benefits Analytical Framework: Overlap in Protection for People and Ecosystems from Power-Generating Tidal Range Infrastructure Gray, I., Ascher, S., Staffell, I. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Human Dimensions
Wind turbine proximity and health-related quality of life in Germany 2002 to 2022 Knies, G., Jetzkowitz, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Health & Safety
GIS-based simulation for wind farm site suitability analysis: A systematic review Nguyen, D-T., Nguyen, T-T., Nguyen, N-H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions
The Third World Ocean Assessment (WOA III) United Nations (UN) Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions
Community preferences and expectations for end-of-life management strategies of wind farms: A prospective study Zhang, W., Nishikizawa, S., Murayama, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Empire Wind: Enhancing Marine Mammal Monitoring in Offshore Wind Construction Aniceto, A., Kriesell, H., Carduner, J. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Identifying materials in tidal energy technology and their effects to human health, ecosystems, and resources: A life cycle assessment perspective Rueda-Bayona, J., Franco, V., Eras, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Health & Safety
How can an ecosystem approach support integrated management of marine renewable energy? An initial assessment from an environmental point of view Le Marchand, M., Hemery, L., Araignous, E. Journal Article Marine Energy Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
National Offshore Wind Impact Metrics: Quantitative Analysis Volume II Sinfield, J., Gonzalez-Martin, M., Groenveld, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Public participation, institutional trust, and distributive justice in wind and solar projects Miguel, T., Robaina, M., Botelho, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
More than a box to check: the experience of state and federal wildlife regulators in the renewable energy development process Burch, C., Loraamm, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Spin city: Local externalities of wind turbines Heim, S., Liebensteiner, M., Michelet, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Standardized Scalable Mooring Solutions Optimized for the U.S. Supply Chain Final Report Housner, S., Hall, M., Riccobono, N. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
From Nimby to Lawmaking. Explaining the Impact of the Anti-Wind Farm Movement on Wind Energy Policy in Poland Bednarek-Szczepanska, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Achieving distributional justice in onshore wind power projects: who should operate and how to contribute to the locals? Iwata, K., Hiroki, M., Kyoi, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Preferences of young people reshape modeled national energy system designs toward offshore wind Javed, M.S., Fossheim, K., Roithner, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Land use in onshore wind power-based hydrogen production scenarios: the case of Finland Paulomaki, H., Jarvinen, M., Apajalahti, E-L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
How are sustainability considerations integrated into the planning, execution, and monitoring of wind park projects: A multiple-case study in Scotland Haque, M. Thesis Wind Energy Human Dimensions

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