Human Dimensions

Potential impacts on local communities, societies, and economies.

The development of wind energy and marine renewable energy projects will likely affect human activities both socially and economically. Evaluation of human perspectives, needs, and rights is necessary to ensure that the benefits of the project outweigh the cost to local communities, society, and the economy in addition to the natural environment. Common stakeholder concerns include loss of property value or annoyance due to visual impacts; changes access to fisheries or recreation; and loss of economic opportunity or livelihood. Conversely, potential benefits of the development of wind energy and marine renewable energy projects include the creation of new jobs, increased tourism, and reduced emissions of greenhouse gases.

Included in Human Dimensions are the following considerations: Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Justice, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, and Visual Impacts.

Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Tethys is a knowledge hub that contains documents on the environmental effects of wind and marine energy. The table below contains all of the documents in the Tethys Knowledge Base associated with Human Dimensions.

Total: 3857

Searches title and abstract.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Development and application of an environmental risk register for marine energy device and project developers Freeman, M., Farr, H., Staines, G. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Human Dimensions
Transactional or transformative? Offshore wind developer perspectives on community benefit mechanisms in the United States Ruscetta, L., Korein, E., Miller, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Evaluating environmental impacts and public preferences in offshore wind farm decommissioning Stranddorf, L., Ladenburg, J., Rönnblom, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Displacement, Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Combining the cumulative impact and marine use conflict-synergy assessment for identifying priority potential conservation areas for estuarine spatial planning Zhu, Z., Zeng, C., Yang, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Evaluating environmental impacts and public preferences in offshore wind farm decommissioning Stranddorf, L., Ladenburg, J., Rönnblom, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Stakeholder Engagement
Environmental Policy and Risk Regulatory Framework for Sustainable Tidal Current Energy in China Guo, R., Liu, Z., Wei, H. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Effects of Onshore Wind Energy on Semi-Domesticated Reindeer WREN, Thant, Z., May, R. Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Offshore Energy and Environmental Research Ryu, S., Dempsey, L., Ampela, K. Summary Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions
Reimagining community-centered engagement to guide offshore wind planning and development Henderson, C., Duffy, K., Rose, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Exploratory study on offshore aquaculture suitability and co-location with marine renewable energy in Portugal Costa, C. , Miranda, F., Clemente, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Health & Safety, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation
IEA-OES Annual Report: An Overview of Ocean Energy Activities in 2025 Ocean Energy Systems (OES) Report Marine Energy Human Dimensions
Modelling multi-use within selected OWF of the Dutch North Sea Schneider, L., Heye, S., Vilmin, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Physical Environment, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Offshore Renewable Energy Development on the West Coast: Understanding Effects on Shipping, Fisheries, and Maritime Activities National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Navigation
Current state of Environmental Reporting for the Renewables and Grid Sector Stefanoudis, P., Sheikh, N., Cook, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Pacific Marine Energy Center (PMEC) 2025 Year in Review Twedt, J. Report Marine Energy Human Dimensions
A four-step path to nature-inclusive offshore wind and grids Offshore Coalition For Energy & Nature (OCEaN) Guidance Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Offshore Wind and the Spatial Squeeze: A Plausible Future Layout for the North Sea Waldman, S., Munro, P., Gilmour, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
From sea basins to projects: Process harmonization for better environmental monitoring Offshore Coalition For Energy & Nature (OCEaN) Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Offshore wind and aquaculture co-location: challenges and opportunities in US Federal Waters Couture, J., Jensen, B., Riley, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries
How risky is the development of Offshore Wind Farms on a Mediterranean island?A case study in Paros, Greece Skiniti, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Fish and Fisheries Offshore Wind Research Gaps Analysis Responsible Offshore Science Alliance (ROSA) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data
Hidden movers in the wind farm: Functional stakeholders improving offshore wind development in Taiwan Chang, Y., Hung, Y-P., Hsu, T-Y. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Offshore Wind for Coastal Development Socio-Economic Impact Study Global Wind Energy Council Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Conservation potential of offshore windfarms for epibenthic invertebrates and fish communities in a heavily used regional sea Probst, W., Rehren, J., Kraan, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
The Status of Marine Energy of Costa Rica: Challenges and Opportunities for Grid Integration Rojas-Morales, J., Vega-Sánchez, C., Guerrero-Fernández, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, OTEC, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Beyond yes and no: Clustering public perceptions of wave energy on the West Coast of the United States Stelmach, G., Boudet, H. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Evidence Review Note: Marine Historic Environment Offshore Wind Evidence Knowledge Hub Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Establishing floating offshore wind as a mainstream energy solution Harvey, M., Coccoli, C. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Powering the Offshore Wind Future in Northern Japan: Opportunities and Recommendations Ocean Energy Pathway Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Potential of Edu-Ecotourism Based on OTEC Utilizing Indonesian Post-Operation Offshore Oil/Gas Facilities Muzhaffar, F.A., Mukhatasor, Satrio, D. Conference Paper Marine Energy, OTEC Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data
Marine Renewable Energy Sector Vision 2050 Marine Renewables Canada Report Marine Energy, Riverine, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Marine Renewable Energy Sector Vision 2050 Marine Renewables Canada Report Marine Energy, Riverine, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
2025 UK Ocean Energy Review Grattan, K., Olsson, S., Noble, D. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Three-dimensional spatial planning of collection systems in floating offshore wind farms: A two-stage optimization method Tao, S., Yang, J., Zheng, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Improving the evidence base for coexistence between offshore renewables and commercial fishing Harding, J., Boblin, E., Coyle, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
R&D programs for wave energy in Spain: A contingent valuation application with multiple bounded uncertainty Cerda, E., López-Otero, X., Quiroga, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Disruptive Innovation and Industrial Modernisation: Pathways to Securing Offshore Renewable Energy Supply Chain Competitiveness Grattan, K., Olsson, S., Noble, D. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Local Communities’ Perceptions of Offshore Wind Farms in Greece: Evidence From the Diapontian Islands Avrami, L., Kaminiaris, O., Mela, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
The Ocean Equity Index Blythe, J., Claudet, J., Gill, D. Journal Article Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Spatio-temporal dynamics of fish assemblages at an offshore wind farm and a comparison with mature artificial reefs Shao, K., Chang, C., Chen, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Displaying 1 - 40 of 3857 results