Short Science Summary: European Migratory Soaring Birds and Wind Energy Development

Common Kestrel

Some birds, such as raptors and vultures, have large wings relative to their body size, providing good lift in rising air currents. Soaring birds can sustain flight for long periods without flapping their wings, but are largely dependent on ascending currents resulting from the uneven warming of the Earth’s surface or the wind blowing over mountain ridges. Collisions of large soaring bird with wind turbines are of particular conservation concern, given that they are long-lived, have low reproductive rates with few eggs in each clutch, and invest considerable time in rearing their young. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind. A list of the sources used to develop this Short Science Summary is also available here.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Bird Collisions with Power Lines: Failing to See the Way Ahead? Martin, G., Shaw, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
2010 Initial Bird Assessment of the Dennis Water District Wind Turbine Project Site Podolsky, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Seabirds, Passerines, Birds
Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus Migration in Relation to Offshore Wind Farms Griffin, L., Rees, E., Hughes, B. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Waterfowl
Avian and Bat Protection Plan for the Spring Valley Wind Energy Facility SWCA Environmental Consultants Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions
FARMLAND BIRDS ACROSS THE WORLD van der Weijden, W., Terwan, P., Guldemond, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Klondike III (Phase 1) Wind Power Project Wildlife Monitoring Study October 2007–October 2009 Gritski, B., Downes, S., Kronner, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Post-Construction Avian Monitoring Study for the Shiloh II Wind Power Project Solano County, California Kerlinger, P., Curry, R., Culp, L., Hasch, A., Jain, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Environmental Impact Assessment of Offshore Wind Farms: A Simulation-Based Approach Lapeña, B., Wijnberg, K., Hulscher, S., Stein, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
The precautionary principle and wind-farm planning: data scarcity does not imply absence of effects Carrete, M., Sanchez-Zapata, J., Benitez, J., Lobon, M., Camina, A., Lekuona, J., Montelio, E., Donazar, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds, Bats
Clocaenog Forest Wind Farm Collision Risk Report Model George, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
London Array Offshore Wind Farm Project - Aerial survey methods, data collection and statistical analysis APEM Ltd Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
A crane movement model parameterized using portable radar for evaluating response to wind energy development Kirsch, E., Diehl, R., Suarez, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Shorebirds
Updated Summary of Knowledge: Selected Areas of the Pacific Coast Kaplan, B., Beegle-Krause, C., McCay, D., Copping, A., Geerlofs, S. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Barriers to Movement: Modelling Energetic Costs of Avoiding Marine Wind Farms Amongst Breeding Seabirds Masden, E., Haydon, D., Fox, A., Furness, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
Ocean Wind Power Ecological Baseline Studies Final Report - Volume 2: Avian Studies Geo-Marine Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Novel Scavenger Removal Trials Increase Wind Turbine - Caused Avian Fatality Estimates Smallwood, K., Bell, D., Snyder, S., Didonato, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Wind Energy: Progress and Potential Kaygusuz, K. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Conceptual Model of Offshore Wind Environmental Risk Evaluation System Anderson, R., Copping, A., Van Cleve, F., Unwin, S., Hamilton, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
The Impacts of Roads and other Infrastructure on Mammal and Bird Populations: A Meta-Analysis Benitez-Lopez, A., Alkemade, R., Verweij, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals, Birds
Impact of Terrestrial Wind Farms on Diurnal Raptors: Developing a Spatial Vulnerability Index and Potential Vulnerability Maps Noguera, J., Pérez, I., Mínguez, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Spatial Trade-Offs between Wind Power Production and Bird Collision Avoidance in Agricultural Landscape Eichhorn, M., Drechsler, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Search Areas for Monitoring Bird and Bat Carcasses at Wind Farms using a Monte-Carlo Model Hull, C., Muir, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Quantifying the Relative Use of Coastal Waters by Breeding Terns: Towards Effective Tools for Planning & Assessing the Ornithological Impact of Offshore Wind Farms Perrow, M., Gilroy, J., Skeate, E., Mackenzie, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Monitoring and Researching Ecological Effects of Dutch Offshore Wind Farms Boon, A., ter Hofstede, R., Klok, C., Leopold, M., Blacquière, G., Poot, M., Kastelein, R., Camphuysen, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fish, Birds, Bats
Monitoring of Wintering Geese in the AES Geo Energy Wind Park "Sveti Nikola" Territory and the Kaliakra Region in Winter 2009/2010 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Waterfowl, Birds
A Currency for Offsetting Energy Development Impacts: Horse-Trading Sage-Grouse on the Open Market Doherty, K., Naugle, D., Evans, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Spatial Pattern of Summer Bat Mortality from Collisions with Wind Turbines in Mixed-Grass Prairie Piorkowski, M., O'Connell, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Greater Sage-Grouse & Wind Energy Development: A Review of the Issues Johnson, G., Holloran, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Final Report Bird and Bat Fatality Studies Fowler Ridge I Wind-Energy Facility Benton County, Indiana: April 6 - October 30, 2009 Johnson, G., Ritzert, M., Nomani, S., Bay, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Bird and Bat Fatality Studies Fowler Ridge III Wind-Energy Facility Benton County, Indiana: April 2 - June 10, 2009 Johnson, G., Ritzert, M., Nomani, S., Bay, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Bats are not birds and other problems with Sovacool's (2009) analysis of animal fatalities due to electricity generation Willis, C., Barclay, R., Boyles, J., Brigham, R., Brack, V., Waldien, D., Reichard, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Attraction Birds, Bats
Determination of Raptor Migratory Pathways over a Large Landscape Seeland, H. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Raptors, Birds
Megawatts are not megawatt-hours and other responses to Willis et al. Sovacool, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Are Flying Wildlife Attracted to (or do they Avoid) Wind Turbines? Larkin, R. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Impacts of Energy Development on Prairie Grouse Ecology: A Research Synthesis Hagen, C. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Birds, Wind and the Making of Wind Power Landscapes in Aude, Southern France Nadaï, A., Labussiere, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Wind Turbine Guidelines Advisory Committee Recommendations US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Fish
The wind is blowing the right way for birds Foote, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Assessing the Potential Impact of Wind Turbines on the Endangered Galapagos Petrel Pterodroma phaeopygia at San Cristóbal Island, Galapagos Cruz-Delgado, F., Wiedenfeld, D., Gonzalez, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Avian post-construction studies and EIA for planned ex-tension of the Hitra wind-power plant Bevanger, K., Dahl, E., Gjershaug, J., Halley, D., Hanssen, F., Nygård, T., Pearson, M., Pedersen, H., Reitan, O. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
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