Short Science Summary: European Migratory Soaring Birds and Wind Energy Development

Common Kestrel

Some birds, such as raptors and vultures, have large wings relative to their body size, providing good lift in rising air currents. Soaring birds can sustain flight for long periods without flapping their wings, but are largely dependent on ascending currents resulting from the uneven warming of the Earth’s surface or the wind blowing over mountain ridges. Collisions of large soaring bird with wind turbines are of particular conservation concern, given that they are long-lived, have low reproductive rates with few eggs in each clutch, and invest considerable time in rearing their young. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind. A list of the sources used to develop this Short Science Summary is also available here.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
ID Stat: Innovative Technology for Assessing Wildlife Collisions with Wind Turbines Delprat, B., Alcuri, G. Report Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Raptor mortality in wind farms of southern Spain: mitigation measures on a major migration bottleneck area Gallego, A., Lucas, M., Casado, E., Ferrer, M. Report Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Assessing Avian-Wind Turbine Collision Risk: An Approach Angle Dependent Model Holmstrom, L., Hamer, T., Colclazier, E., Denis, N., Verschuyl, J., Ruche, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Simulation-based impact assessment of offshore wind farms on seabirds Lapeña, B., Wijnberg, K., Hulscher, S., Stein, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds
Comprehensive Guide to Studying Wind Energy Wildlife Interactions Strickland, D., Arnett, E., Erickson, W., Johnson, G., Morrison, M., Shaffer, J., Warren-Hicks, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Effects of Weather on Avian Migration at Proposed Ridgeline Wind Energy Sites Thomas, P., Labrosse, A., Pomeroy, A., Otter, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Raptors, Birds
Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulations Assessment - Screening for Likely Significant Effects Dewar, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Risks to Birds and Wildlife from Offshore Wind Farms: BOEMRE NC Task Force Peterson, C. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Modelling Seabird Collision Risk with Off-Shore Wind Farms Mateos, M., Arroyo, G., Rosario, J. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Linking Turbine Collision Risks with Population Models to Assess Cumulative Impacts of Multiple Wind Farms on Threatened Birds Smales, I., Muir, S., Meredith, C., Baird, R. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Wind Energy's Subtle Effect - Habitat Fragmentation Pruett, J. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
A Multi-Method Approach to Determine the Impact of Existing Wind Power Plants on Bird and Bat Migration on the Island of Fehmarn, Germany Reichenbach, M., Grunkorn, T. Presentation Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Appropriate assessment of plans and projects for Croatian National Ecological Network - utilization of bird and bat impact zonation in the southern coastal part of Croatia Schneider, D., Trenc, N., Ivičić, B., Radović, D., Pavlinić, I., Peternel, H. Presentation Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Avian, Bat and Habitat Cumulative Impacts Associated with Wind Energy Development in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion Of Eastern Washington and Oregon 2011 Johnson, G., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Characteristics of Soaring Birds' Spring Migration over Inland SE Bulgaria Shurulinkov, P., Daskalova, G., Chakarov, N., Hristov, K., Dyulgerova, S., Gocheva, Y., Cheshmedzhiev, S., Madzharov, M., Dimchev, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Shorebirds, Raptors, Birds
Collision Risk in White-Tailed Eagles Modelling Kernel-Based Collision Risk Using Satellite Telemetry Data in Smøla Wind-Power Plant May, R., Nygård, T., Dahl, E., Reitan, O., Bevanger, K. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Identifying a Range of Options to Prevent or Reduce Avian Collision with Offshore Wind Farms using a UK-Based Case Study Cook, A., Ross-Smith, V., Roos, S., Burton, N., Beale, N., Coleman, C., Daniel, H., Fitzpatrick, S., Rankin, E., Norman, K., Martin, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Proceedings of the Wind Wildlife Research Meeting VIII PNWWRM VIII Conference Paper Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Flight Height Distribution and Collision Risk of the Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus Marmoratus: Methodology and Preliminary Results Stumpf, J., Denis, N., Hamer, T., Johnson, G., Verschuyl, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Klondike IIIa (Phase 2) Wind Power Project Wildlife Monitoring Year One Summary August 2008–August 2010 Gritski, B., Downes, S., Kronner, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Compendium of Avian Occurrence Information for the Continental Shelf Waters along the Atlantic Coast of the United States: Final Report (Database Selection - Shorebirds) O'Connell, A., Spiegel, C., Johnson, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Shorebirds
Insect Attraction to Wind Turbines: Does Colour Play a Role? Long, C., Flint, J., Lepper, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction Invertebrates, Birds, Bats
Understanding Bird Collisions With Man-made Objects: A Sensory Ecology Approach Martin, G. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Integrating Effects of Supplementary Feeding, Poisoning, Pollutant Ingestion and Wind Farms of Two Vulture Species in Spain using a Population Viability Analysis Garcia-Ripolles, C., Lopez, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Chemicals Raptors, Birds
Impact assessment of wind farms on birds of prey in Thrace. Annual Report August 2009 - August 2010 Doutau, B., Kafkaletou-Diez, D., Carcamo, B., Vasilakis, D., Kret, E. Report Wind Energy Collision Birds
Assessing the impact of nine established wind farms on birds of prey in Thrace, Greece Carcamo, B., Kret, E., Zografou, C., Vasilakis, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Visual Tracking From a Rigid-Hulled Inflatable Boat to Determine Foraging Movements of Breeding Terns Perrow, M., Gilroy, J., Skeate, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Wind Power Compensation is not for the Birds: An Opinion from an Environmental Economist Cole, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds
Changes in the Abundance and Distribution of Upland Breeding Birds at an Operational Wind Farm Douglas, D., Bellamy, P., Pearce-Higgins, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement Shorebirds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
NedPower Mount Storm Wind Energy Facility Post-Construction Avian and Bat Monitoring Young, D. Jr., Nomani, S., Tidhar, W., Bay, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Post-Construction Bird and Bat Mortality Study: Cedar Ridge Wind Farm, Fond Du Lac County, Wisconsin BHE Environmental Inc Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Year 1 Post-construction Avian and Bat Monitoring Report: Biglow Canyon Wind Farm Phase II Sherman County, Oregon Enk, T., Bay, K., Sonnenberg, M., Flaig, J., Boehrs, J., Palochak, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Risk Evaluation for Federally Listed (Roseate Tern, Piping Plover) or Candidate (Red Knot) Bird Species in Offshore Waters: A First Step for Managing the Potential Impacts of Wind Facility Development on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Burger, J., Gordon, C., Lawrence, J., Newman, J., Forcey, G., Vlietstra, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Shorebirds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Birds
Monitoring of Wintering Geese in the AES Geo Energy Wind Farm "Sveti Nikola" Territory and the Kaliakra Region in Winter 2010/2011 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Investigation on Design for a 500 W Wind Turbine Composite Blade Considering Impact Damage Kong, C., Choi, S., Park, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Selected findings from the baseline and targeted monitoring Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Comparing Pre- and Post-Construction Distributions of Long-Tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis in and around the Nysted Offshore Wind Farm, Denmark: A Quasi-Designed Experiment Accounting for Imperfect Detection, Local Surface Features and Autocorrelation Petersen, I., Mackenzie, M., Rexstad, E., Wisz, M., Fox, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Waterfowl, Birds
Cantabrian Capercaillie signs disappeared after a wind farm construction Gonzalez, M., Ena, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Local Birds in and around the Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ) Leopold, M., Dijkman, E., Teal, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Birkhühner Tetrao tetrix (Linnaeus 1758): Ein Leben zwischen Windrädern und Schiliften Grunschachner-Berger, V., Kainer, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
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