Short Science Summary: European Migratory Soaring Birds and Wind Energy Development

Common Kestrel

Some birds, such as raptors and vultures, have large wings relative to their body size, providing good lift in rising air currents. Soaring birds can sustain flight for long periods without flapping their wings, but are largely dependent on ascending currents resulting from the uneven warming of the Earth’s surface or the wind blowing over mountain ridges. Collisions of large soaring bird with wind turbines are of particular conservation concern, given that they are long-lived, have low reproductive rates with few eggs in each clutch, and invest considerable time in rearing their young. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind. A list of the sources used to develop this Short Science Summary is also available here.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
A risk-based approach to cumulative effects assessment for large marine ecosystems to support transboundary marine spatial planning: A case study of the yellow sea Ma, C., Stelzenmüller, V., Rehren, J., Yu, J., Zhang, Z., Zheng, H., Lin, L., Yang, H., Jin, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning
Protecting avian wildlife for wind farm siting: The Screening Tool Proof of Concept Salkanovic, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions
Offshore Wind Energy and Seabird Collision Vulnerability in California Grover, W. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Ecological impacts of the expansion of offshore wind farms on trophic level species of marine food chain Wang, L., Wang, B., Cen, W., Xu, R., Huang, Y., Zhang, X., Han, Y., Zhang, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Seasonal patterns of bird and bat collision fatalities at wind turbines Lloyd, J., Butryn, R., Pearman-Gillman, S., Allison, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
A Geospatial Analysis of Species of Interest in US Atlantic Wind Energy Areas O'Brien, B. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals
New insights into the influence of turbines on the behaviour of migrant birds: implications for predicting impacts of offshore wind developments on wildlife Willmott, J., Forcey, G., Vukovich, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds
Joint responsibility in the development of effective wind-turbine collision-reducing solutions May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Large-scale effects of offshore wind farms on seabirds of high conservation concern Garthe, S., Schwemmer, H., Peschko, V., Markones, N., Müller, S., Schwemmer, P., Mercker, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future Soukissian, T., O’Hagan, A-M., Azzellino, A., Boero, F., Brito e Melo, A., Comiskey, P., Gao, Z., Howell, D., Le Boulluec, M., Maisondieu, C., Scott, B., Tedeschi, E., Maheri, A., Pennock, S. Report Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
An ecological risk assessment for the impacts of offshore wind farms on birds in Australia Reid, K., Baker, G., Woehler, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Passerines, Seabirds
Standardised and referenced acoustic monitoring reliably estimates bat fatalities at wind turbines: comments on 'Limitations of acoustic monitoring at wind turbines to evaluate fatality risk of bats' Behr, O., Barre, K., Bontadina, F., Brinkmann, R., Dietz, M., Disca, T., Froidevaux, J., Ghanem, S., Huemer, S., Hurst, J., Kaminsky, S., Kelm, V., Korner-Nievergelt, F., Lauper, M., Lintott, P., Newman, C., Peterson, T., Proksch, J., Roemer, C., Schorcht, W., Nagy, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Monitoring Framework for Automated Radio Telemetry at Offshore Wind Projects in the U.S. Atlantic Loring, P., Carlson, E., Gobeille, D., Makenzie, S., Berrigan, L., Williams, K., Gilbert, A., Adams, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds
Monitoring of Marine Life During Offshore Wind Energy Development—Guidelines and Recommendations Kershaw, F., Jones, A., Folsom-O’Keefe, C., Johnson, E., Newman, B., Liner, J., Clarkson, C., Swanson, R., Fuller, E., Krakoff, N., Johnson, A., Kelly, K., Hislop, K., Frignoca, I., Sarthou, C., Donaghue, E., Haggerty, S., Ricci, H., Walsh, J., Humphries, E., Weiler, C., Felton, S., George, G., Haney, C., Lyons, D., Weinstein, A., Bibza, J., Hewett, A., Murphy, J., Muth, D., Renfro, A., Aylesworth, S., Chase, A., Davis, E., Trice, A., Stocker, M., Conley, M., Jedele, T., LoBue, C., Runnebaum, J., Feinberg, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
A framework for improving treatment of uncertainty in offshore wind assessments for protected marine birds Searle, K., O'Brien, S., Jones, E., Cook, A., Trinder, M., McGregor, R., Donovan, C., McCluskie, A., Daunt, F., Butler, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds
Resolving Key Uncertainties of Seabird Flight and Avoidance Behaviours at Offshore Wind Farms: Final Report for the study period 2020-2021 Tjørnløv, R., Skov, H., Armitage, M., Barker, M., Jørgensen, J., Mortensen, L., Thomas, K., Uhrenholdt, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
Wind turbines in managed forests partially displace common birds Rehling, F., Delius, A., Ellerbrok, J., Farwig, N., Peter, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Flight Type and Seasonal Movements Are Important Predictors for Avian Collisions in Wind Farms Puente, A., Balmori, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
5th ScotMER Symposium: Ornithology 2 Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Institutional acceptance of wildlife mitigation technologies for wind energy: The case of Israel Cohen, A., Fischhendler, I., Katz, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds
Offshore Wind Evidence and Change Programme: Annual Report 2022 The Crown Estate Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
EU Species Protection Law and Wind Energy: Current Challenges and Danish Experiences Anker, H., Olsen, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change
5th ScotMER Symposium: Ornithology 1 Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Effectiveness of an artificial intelligence-based system to curtail wind turbines to reduce eagle collisions Duerr, A., Parsons, A., Nagy, L., Kuehn, M., Bloom, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
The impact of onshore wind farms on ecological corridors in Ningbo, China Guan, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Physical Environment
A utilization distribution for the global population of Cape Vultures (Gyps coprotheres) to guide wind energy development Cervantes, F., Murgatroyd, M., Allan, D., Farwig, N., Kemp, R., Kruger, S., Maude, G., Mendelsohn, J., Rösner, S., Schabo, D., Tate, G., Wolter, K., Amar, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Reconciling climate action with the need for biodiversity protection, restoration and rehabilitation Gorman, C., Torsney, A., Gaughran, A., McKeon, C., Farrell, C., White, C., Donohue, I., Stout, J., Buckley, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy
The transmission ramifications of social and environmental siting considerations on wind energy deployment Bennett, J., Ogland-Hand, J., Middleton, E., Eidbo, J., Prorok, M., Ross, B., Yaw, S., Middleton, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Environmental Justice
Distributing transmitters to maximize population-level representativeness in automated radio telemetry studies of animal movement Lamb, J., Loring, P., Paton, P. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds
Game bird carcasses are less persistent than raptor carcasses, but can predict raptor persistence dynamics Hallingstad, E., Riser-Espinoza, D., Brown, S., Rabie, P., Haddock, J., Kosciuch, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Bird carcass detection from integrated trials at multiple wind farms Kitano, M., Smallwood, K. Shawn, Fukaya, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Wind energy expansion and birds: Identifying priority areas for impact avoidance at a national level Balotari-Chiebao, F., Santangeli, A., Piirainen, S., Byholm, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes
Environmental assessment of proposed areas for offshore wind farms off southern Brazil based on ecological niche modeling and a species richness index for albatrosses and petrels Lemos, C., Hernandez, M., Vilardo, C., Phillips, R., Bugoni, L., Sousa-Pinto, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Getting ready for offshore wind farm expansion in the North Sea Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B., Vigin, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Decoding Golden Eagle Movement Behavior from High-Resolution, Variable-Rate Telemetry Data Through Bayesian Filtering Sandhu, R., Tripp, C., Quon, E., Thedin, R., Brandes, D., Braham, M., Miller, T., Duerr, A., Farmer, C. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
A review to inform the assessment of the risk of collision and displacement in petrels and shearwaters from offshore wind developments in Scotland Deakin, Z., Cook, A., Daunt, F., McCluskie, A., Morley, N., Witcutt, E., Wright, L., Bolton, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Fish
Literature Review on Barrier Effects, Ghost Fishing, and Electromagnetic Fields for Floating Windfarms Williamson, L. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Displacement, EMF, Entanglement Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Ecosystem Benefits of Floating Offshore Wind Haberlin, D., Cohuo, A., Doyle, T. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Framework for assessing and mitigating the impacts of offshore wind energy development on marine birds Croll, D., Ellis, A., Adams, J., Cook, A., Garthe, S., Goodale, M., Hall, C., Hazen, E., Keitt, B., Kelsey, E., Leirness, J., Lyons, D., McKown, M., Potiek, A., Searle, K., Soudijn, F., Rockwood, C., Tershy, B., Tinker, M., VanderWerf, E., Williams, K., Young, L., Zilliacus, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Human Dimensions
Considerations on environmental, economic, and energy impacts of wind energy generation: Projections towards sustainability initiatives Msigwa, G., Ighalo, J., Yap, P-S. Journal Article Wind Energy Changes in Flow, Noise Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
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