Short Science Summary: European Migratory Soaring Birds and Wind Energy Development

Common Kestrel

Some birds, such as raptors and vultures, have large wings relative to their body size, providing good lift in rising air currents. Soaring birds can sustain flight for long periods without flapping their wings, but are largely dependent on ascending currents resulting from the uneven warming of the Earth’s surface or the wind blowing over mountain ridges. Collisions of large soaring bird with wind turbines are of particular conservation concern, given that they are long-lived, have low reproductive rates with few eggs in each clutch, and invest considerable time in rearing their young. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind. A list of the sources used to develop this Short Science Summary is also available here.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Using juvenile movements as a proxy for adult habitat and space use in long-lived territorial species: a case study on the golden eagle Hemery, A., Duriez, O., Itty, C., Henry, P., Besnard, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
A review on the interactions between engineering and marine life: key information for engineering professionals Dobson, T., Lenchine, V., Bainbridge, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Environmental Impact Assessment
Deep learning workflow to support in-flight processing of digital aerial imagery for wildlife population surveys Ke, T., Yu, S., Koneff, M., Fronczak, D., Fara, L., Harrison, T., Landolt, K., Hlavacek, E., Lubinski, B., White, T. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Collision Birds, Waterfowl
Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms Szostek, C., Edwards-Jones, A., Beaumont, N., Watson, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Offshore Wind Facts: Birds and Bats Special Initiative on Offshore Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds
Drivers of flight altitude during nocturnal bird migration over the North Sea and implications for offshore wind energy Bradaric, M., Kranstauber, B., Bouten, W., van Gasteren, H., Shamoun-Baranes, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
A three-dimensional model of terrain-induced updrafts for movement ecology studies Thedin, R., Brandes, D., Quon, E., Sandhu, R., Tripp, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow Bats, Birds
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2023 Magnus, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality
Wozep Ecological Programme: Knowledge day Wozep/MONS 2024 Offshore Wind Ecological Programme (Wozep) Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Mapping seabird vulnerability to offshore wind farms in Norwegian waters Fauchald, P., Ollus, V., Ballesteros, M., Breistol, A., Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Molværsmyr, S., Tarroux, A, Systad, G., Moe, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Prioritizing landscapes for mitigating the impacts of onshore wind farms on multidimensional waterbird diversity in the Yellow Sea Zhao, S., Xu, H., Wang, T., Li, H., Li, X., Liu, N., Song, X., Guan, F., Chen, X., Xu, A., Li, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Shorebirds
A standardized protocol for assessing the performance of automatic detection systems used in onshore wind power plants to reduce avian mortality Ballester, C., Dupont, S., Corbeau, A., Chambert, T., Duriez, O., Besnard, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
What level of monitoring is enough to detect displacement effects of offshore wind farms? Hall, R., Black, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Offshore wind energy potential along the Indian Coast considering ecological safeguards Bonthu, S., Purvaja, R., Singh, K., Ganguly,D., Muruganandam,R., Paul, T., Ramesh, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
Monitoring of geese in the territory of Integrated System for Protection of Birds, Winter 2023-2024 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitefield, P. Report Wind Energy Birds
The global impact of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services Watson, S., Somerfield, P., Lemasson, A., Knights, A., Edwards-Jones, A., Nunes, J., Pascoe, C., McNeill, C., Schratzberger, M., Thompson, M., Couce, E., Szostek, C., Baxter, H., Beaumont, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Geese migrating over the Pacific Ocean select altitudes coinciding with offshore wind turbine blades Weiser, E., Overton, C., Douglas, D., Casazza, M., Flint, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Waterfowl
Challenges in quantifying the responses of Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla to habitat variables and local stressors due to individual variation O'Hanlon, N., Thaxter, C., Clewley, G., Davies, J., Humphreys, E., Miller, P., Shamoun-Baranes, J., Weston, E., Cook, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Using remote-sensing data to study the rapid growth of wind farms and their impact on bird habitat in Yellow Sea Wetland, China Zheng, Y., Wu, J., Sheviakina, N., Zahorodnia, S., Olha, T., Dmytro, K., Trofymchuk, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
6th ScotMER Symposium: Ornithology 1 Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy Birds
6th ScotMER Symposium: OWEC Programme Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy EMF Birds
6th ScotMER Symposium: Ornithology 2 Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy Birds
6th ScotMER Symposium: ECOWind Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy Birds, Physical Environment
Wind Farms and Power Lines Reduced the Territory Status and Probability of Fledgling Production in the Eurasian Goshawk Accipiter gentilis Husby, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Raptors
Does size matter? Investigation of the effect of wind turbine size on bird and bat mortality Garvin, J., Simonis, J., Taylor, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Cumulative effects of offshore wind farms on common guillemots (Uria aalge) in the southern North Sea - climate versus biodiversity? Peschko, V., Schwemmer, H., Mercker, M., Markones, N., Borkenhagen, K., Garthe, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
Avian Monitoring with CCTV Cameras on Floating Wind Turbines Spoor, Equinor Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Assessing areas suitable for offshore wind energy considering potential risk to breeding seabirds in northern Japan Obane, H., Kazama, K., Hashimoto, H., Nagai, Y., Asano, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
NextWind: Advancing Wind Energy Technology Using Real-Time Monitoring Systems in a Digital Twin Application Siddiqi, K., Kramer, S., Schneider, S., Bulakh, M., Buck, E. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Predicting the spatial distribution of wintering golden eagles to inform full annual cycle conservation in western North America Wallace, Z., Bedrosian, B., Dunk, J., LaPlante, D., Woodbridge, B., Smith, B., Brown, J., Lickfett, T., Gura, K., Bittner, D., Crandall, R., Domenech, R., Katzner, T., Kritz, K., Lewis, S., Lockhart, M., Miller, T., Quint, K., Shreading, A., Slater, S., Stahlecker, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Post-construction Monitoring Study for the California Ridge Wind Farm Champaign and Vermilion Counties, Illinois DuBridge, K., Wilson, G., Ritzert, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Post-Construction Monitoring Study for the Crescent Wind Project Hillsdale County, Michigan Fritchman, C., Ciecka, A., Pickle, J., Kuzler, F., Murray, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Localized Eco-Climatic Impacts of Onshore Wind Farms: A Review Ze, J., Xiuchun, Y., Ang, C. , Dong, Y., Min, Z., Lunda, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Physical Environment
Approach Distances of Scottish Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines According to Blade Motion Status, Wind Speed, and Preferred Habitat Fielding, A., Anderson, D., Benn, S., Taylor, J., Tingay, R., Weston, E., Whitfield, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind on the Marine Ecosystem and Associated Species: Background and Issues for Congress Keating-Bitoni, C., Marshak, A., Comay, L., Clark, C., Ward, E., Sheikh, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Behavioural responses of Sandwich terns following the construction of offshore wind farms Thaxter, C., Green, R., Collier, M., Taylor, R., Middelveld, R., Scragg, E., Wright, L., Cook, A., Fijn, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Long-term impacts of the Smøla wind farm on a local population of white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) Stokke, B., Dahl, E., Kleven, O., May, R., Nygård, T., Pavón-Jordán, D., Sandercock, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
The Impact of Wind Turbines on the Distribution of Wintering and Migrating Raptors Mitchell, K. Thesis Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
The Relationship Between Offshore Wind Farms and Marine Wildlife in Rhode Island Lloyd, H. , Caputo. A., Foley. B., Chadwick. C. , Szamborski, S. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals
Assessment of Technology Gaps for Statistically Robust Data and Integration of Monitoring of Birds and Marine Mammals into Equipment and Operations of Offshore Windfarms Courbis, S., Williams, K., Stepanuk, J., Etter, H., McManus, M., Campoblanco, F., Pacini, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals
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