Some birds, such as raptors and vultures, have large wings relative to their body size, providing good lift in rising air currents. Soaring birds can sustain flight for long periods without flapping their wings, but are largely dependent on ascending currents resulting from the uneven warming of the Earth’s surface or the wind blowing over mountain ridges. Collisions of large soaring bird with wind turbines are of particular conservation concern, given that they are long-lived, have low reproductive rates with few eggs in each clutch, and invest considerable time in rearing their young. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind. A list of the sources used to develop this Short Science Summary is also available here.
Short Science Summary: European Migratory Soaring Birds and Wind Energy Development (English)
Algunas aves, como las rapaces y los buitres, tienen alas grandes en relación con el tamaño de su cuerpo, lo que les permite generar una buena suspensión en corrientes de aire ascendentes. Estas aves pueden mantener el vuelo durante largos períodos sin batir sus alas, pero dependen en gran medida de las corrientes ascendentes causadas por el calentamiento desigual de la superficie terrestre o por el viento que sopla sobre las crestas montañosas. Las colisiones de aves planeadoras grandes con turbinas eólicas son motivo de especial preocupación para la conservación, ya que estas aves tienen una larga vida, bajas tasas reproductivas, pocas crías por puesta y dedican mucho tiempo a la crianza de sus polluelos. Este resumen ofrece una visión general de la investigación, elaborada por WREN en el marco de IEA Wind.
Aves Planeadoras Migratorias Europeas Y El Desarrollo De La Energía Eólica (Spanish)
The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.
| Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A framework for screening potential conflicts between wind farm development and Little Tern — a colony-shifting central-place-foraging seabird species | Kamata, T., Ito, R., Hayakawa, M., Sekijima, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| From parameter uncertainty to process simulation: rethinking collision risk models | Dickins, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds | |
| Mitigating wildlife collisions with wind turbines: A review of techniques, evidence, knowledge gaps and avenues for future research | Kuzovnikova, E., Whale, J., Shephard, J., Fleming, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
| Migration bottlenecks: mapping available movement data to de-risk wind energy development at an early stage | Jobson, B., Katariya, V. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds | ||
| Vertical collision risk of Red-crowned Cranes at coastal onshore wind farms in eastern China | Dong, K., Hu, X., Lu, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
| Altimeters on albatrosses: quantifying flight heights for dynamic soaring seabirds | Miller, M., Hamilton, S., Clarke, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
| Multi-Sensor Logger Tracking Reveals the Threats of Offshore Windfarms to Passerine-Sized Birds | Doniol-Valcroze, P., Beggs, I., Bell, F., Bocher, P., Burgess, M., Conway, G., Coulomb, Y., de Grissac, S., Delacroix, R., Dufour, P., Eden, C., Hewson, C., Leighton, K., Nussbaumer, R., Rey, F., Sharp, S., Jiguet, F. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Passerines | |
| Spatial redistribution of divers in response to offshore wind farms: A joint-likelihood Bayesian approach to assess seabird distribution changes | Vilela, R., Burger, C., Diederichs, A., Szostek, L., Freund, A., Braasch, A., Nehls, G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
| Tagging and Tracking of Seabirds on the West Coast of Scotland | Scottish Government | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds | ||
| A spare-share scenario framework for exploring biodiversity - onshore wind trade-offs in electricity system planning | Javed, M.S., Gilad, D., May, R., Kvalnes, T., Zeyringer, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
| Climate and Land-Use Change Reshape Shorebird Habitat Networks in China's Greater Bay Area: Trends from Scenario-Based Projections | Huang, G., Hu, W., Du, J., Huang, Y., Jia, Y, Wang, Y. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds | |
| Evaluating interactive effects of the Conservation Reserve Program and wind energy infrastructure on grassland bird abundance in the United States | McGarrigle, S. , Lassiter, E., Maguire, K., Iovanna, R., Diffendorfer, J., Lopez, A., Reed, K., Duchardt, C., Loss, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds | |
| Mapping the Evidence for Cumulative Adverse Effects of Offshore Wind Installations on Birds | Green-Tkacenko, L.A., Allen, M.C., Lockwood, J.L. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds | ||
| Ecological impacts of centralized large-scale photovoltaics and wind farms: Progress and prospects | Peng, Y., Luo, Y., Xu, Z., Jin, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Chemicals, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Physical Environment | |
| System interactions constraining offshore wind deployment in the Dutch North Sea | Wakounig, I., Gooyert, V. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Using thermal cameras to record collisions of songbirds and bats at a wind turbine of HKZ offshore wind farm, Netherlands | Krijgsveld, K., Warmer, F., Poot, M., Morton, B., Ritter, J. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Bats, Birds | |
| Avian Collision Risk with Reference Wind Turbines: Effects of Geometry, Operation, and Flight Height Distribution | Fritz, E., Turrini, M., Breuer, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds | |
| Identifying causes and consequences of ecosystem decline in the Irish Sea through bow-tie analysis | Kolbuk, D., Bremner, J., Cahillane, A., Di Gennaro, V., Crowe, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| The impact of wind turbines on the distribution and abundance of raptors at an important wintering and migration stopover site in Ontario, Canada | Mitchell, K., Martin, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
| Integrating 3-D thermal videography, ultrasonic acoustics, and weather radar to characterize bird and bat activity at wind turbines | Shultz, A., Solick, D., Whitby, M., Newman, C., Corcoran, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Bats, Birds | |
| Variable effects of blade black-and-white designs on detection of turbine rotation by birds | Blary, C., Foucart, L., Besnard, A., Potier, S., Million-Ranquin, C., Laval, L., Bouchet, T., Duriez, O. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Raptors | |
| Synergies and trade-offs between biodiversity and distance to settlements in the spatial allocation of wind power | Luukkonen, S., Räsänen, A., Koivula, M., Tolvanen, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | |
| Understanding citizens' responses to imagined future and existing onshore wind farms: Toward a model of environmental change communication | Schmid-Petri, H., Klimmt, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Birds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Health & Safety, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | |
| An intelligent SCADA-integrated deep learning framework for bird-safe offshore wind farm operation | Sultan, Y.A., Sameh, A., Gamel, S.A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds | |
| Bird migration and wind-energy production across Western Europe | Bauer, S., Nussbaumer, R., Tito, D., Shamoun-Baranes, J., Farnsworth, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds | |
| DiverLog: Effects of Offshore Wind Farms on the Behaviour, Energetics and Habitat Use of Red-throated Divers | Burger, C., Salazar, S., Liedtke, J., Heinänen, S., Welcker, J., Nehls, G. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
| Improving understanding of distributional change for relevant seabird species (ImpUDis) Final Report | Humphries, G., Bogaard, L. | Report | Wind Energy | Attraction, Displacement | Birds | |
| Improving understanding of distributional change for relevant seabird species (ImpUDis): Analysis of existing data | Donovan, C., Clarke, C. | Report | Wind Energy | Attraction, Displacement | Birds | |
| California Offshore Wind Environmental Monitoring Framework | Eriksen, R., Merkle, E., Clark, H., Ruttenberg, B., Bixby, Z. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | ||
| Renewable energy growth amplifies land pressure on Norwegian biodiversity | Borgelt, J., Gilad, D., May, R., Verones, F. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Birds, Terrestrial Mammals | ||
| ImpUDis project value statement | The Carbon Trust | Report | Wind Energy | Attraction, Displacement | Birds | |
| Tahkoluodon merituulipuiston vaikutus lintujen lentotiheyksiin ja -reitteihin | Mäkelä, P., Niemi, J., Pasanen, A., Viinikainen, I., Meller, K. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Seabirds | |
| Behavioral Responses of Large Soaring Raptors to Audio Deterrents at Commercial Wind-Energy Facilities in the Western USA | Smith, J.P., Felton, S., Schneider, S.R., Romansic, J.M., Zirpoli, J., Terrill, S., Allsion, T. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, Noise | Birds, Raptors | |
| Raptor exposure to collision risk in relation to weather and season at a wind farm in tropical Africa | Kimani, D., Ndiritu, G., Kimuyu, D., Downing, T., Wilson, D., Warui, M., Kinyanjui, P., Walter, B., Bennun, L. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds | |
| Bio-informed blade patterns for mitigating bird collisions with wind turbines | Brighton, C., Portugal, S., Taylor, G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision | Birds | |
| Best practice guidance for the installation of monitoring equipment to support post construction seabird collision monitoring at offshore wind farms | Valantiejus, Ž., Boersch-Supan, P., Thaxter, C., Collier, M., Page, A., Boronkay, C. | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
| Best practice guidance for the collection, management and analysis of data to support post-construction seabird collision monitoring at offshore wind farms | Valantiejus, Ž., Boersch-Supan, P., Thaxter, C., Collier, M., Donovan, C. | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Mistimed surveys lead to underestimated migratory bird impacts from wind farms | Shi, X., Holden, W., Simmonds, J., Clarke, R., Chapman, J., Liu, Y., Fuller, R., Kerswell, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Birds | ||
| Infrasonic acoustic energy produced by offshore wind turbine energy generation may interfere with bird and cetacean navigation cues | Stocker, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| Smart flying in challenging skies: How Red Kites adjust wind turbine micro- and meso-avoidance across weather and experience | Mercker, M., Škrábal, J., Blew, J., Liesenjohann, T., Raab, M., Spakovszky, P., Kolbe, M., van Rijn, S., Pfeiffer, T., Lüning, C., Raab, R., Raab, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance | Birds, Raptors |