Short Science Summary: European Migratory Soaring Birds and Wind Energy Development

Common Kestrel

Some birds, such as raptors and vultures, have large wings relative to their body size, providing good lift in rising air currents. Soaring birds can sustain flight for long periods without flapping their wings, but are largely dependent on ascending currents resulting from the uneven warming of the Earth’s surface or the wind blowing over mountain ridges. Collisions of large soaring bird with wind turbines are of particular conservation concern, given that they are long-lived, have low reproductive rates with few eggs in each clutch, and invest considerable time in rearing their young. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind. A list of the sources used to develop this Short Science Summary is also available here.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Flight altitudes and fight activities of adult Red Kites (Milvus milvus) in the breeding area as determined by GPS telemetry Pfeiffer, T., Meyburg, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Floating Offshore Wind: Environmental Interactions Roadmap: Public Summary Report ORE Catapult, Xodus Group Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Navigation
Wind farm noise shifts vocalizations of a threatened shrub-steppe passerine Gomez-Catasus, J., Barrero, A., Llusia, D., Iglesias-Merchan, C., Traba, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds, Passerines
Seabirds and Marine Renewable Energy Sources Harwood, A., King, S. Book Chapter Marine Energy, Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds
Potential climate-driven changes to seabird demography: implications for assessments of marine renewable energy development Searle, K., Butler, A., Waggitt, J., Evans, P., Quinn, L., Bogdanova, M., Evans, T., Braithwaite, J., Daunt, F. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change
Monitoring of Spring Bird Migration in the Integrated System for Protection of Birds 2022 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
New England Wind COP Appendix III-R: Draft Piping Plover Protection Plan Epsilon Associates Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Environmental impact of renewable energy source based electrical power plants: Solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal, tidal, ocean, and osmotic Rahman, A., Farrok, O., Haque, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Keep it local and bird-friendly: Exploring the social acceptance of wind energy in Switzerland, Estonia, and Ukraine Vuichard, P., Broughel, A., Wüstenhagen, R., Tabi, A., Knauf, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Flight characteristics forecast entry by eagles into rotor-swept zones of wind turbines Rolek, B., Braham, M., Miller, T., Duerr, A., Katzner, T., McCabe, J., Dunn, L., McClure, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Review of seabird monitoring technologies for offshore wind farms Nicholls, A., Barker, M., Armitage, M., Votier, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds
Post-Construction Bird and Bat Fatality Monitoring Study Crowned Ridge II Wind Farm Codington, Grant, and Deuel Counties, South Dakota Chodachek, K., Suehring, A., Wilson, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Wind Farms and Power Lines Have Negative Effects on Territory Occupancy in Eurasian Eagle Owls (Bubo bubo) Husby, M., Pearson, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Offshore renewables need an experimental mindset Johnson, A., Dawson, C., Conners, M., Locke, C., Maxwell, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Factors influencing wind turbine avoidance behaviour of a migrating soaring bird Santos, C., Ramesh, H., Ferraz, R., Franco, A., Wikelski, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Hotspots in the grid: Avian sensitivity and vulnerability to collision risk from energy infrastructure interactions in Europe and North Africa Gauld, J., Silva, J., Atkinson, P., Record, P., Acacio, M., Arkumarev, V., Blas, J., Bouten, W., Burten, N., Catry, I., Champagnon, J., Clewley, G., Dagys, M., Duriez, O., Exo, K., Fiedler, W., Flack, A., Friedemann, G., Fritz, J., Garcia-Ripolles, C., Garthe, S., Giunchi, D., Grozdanov, A., Harel, R., Humphreys, E., Janssen, R., Kolzch, A., Kulikova, O., Lameris, T., Lopez-Lopez, P., Masden, E., Monti, F., Nathan, R., Nikolov, S., Oppel, S., Peshev, H., Phipps, L., Pokrovsky, I., Ross-Smith, V., Saravia, V., Scragg, E., Sforzi, A., Stoynov, E., Thaxter, C., Van Steelant, W., van Toor, M., Vorneweg, B., Waldenstrom, J., Wikelski, M., Zydelis, R., Franco, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Seabirds
Evaluating Bat Roost Abundance: A Comparison of Drone-Acquired Thermal Imagery and Acoustic Recordings with Visual Observers Jaffe, K., Carter, R., Corcoran, A., Arceo-Gomez, G. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Comments on the March 22, 2022 Study Outcomes from Conservation Biology Institute Project Workshop Flick, P., Kelly, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Adverse environmental impacts of wind farm installations and alternative research pathways to their mitigation Chowdhury, N., Shakib, M., Xu, F., Salehin, S., Islam, M., Bhuiyan, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Impact assessments of wind farms on seabird populations that overlook existing drivers of demographic change should be treated with caution Horswill, C., Miller, J., Wood, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Seabirds
Summary of Activates and the Results of Ornithological Monitoring in the Integrated system for Protection of Birds, 2021 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds
Stochastic agent-based model for predicting turbine-scale raptor movements during updraft-subsidized directional flights Sandhu, R., Tripp, C., Quon, E., Thedin, R., Lawson, M., Brandes, D., Farmer, C., Miller, T., Draxl, C., Doubrawa, P., Williams, L., Duerr, A., Braham, M., Katzner, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Measuring and visualizing environmental and social impacts of wind energy projects Pian, A., Verhoef, J., De Vries, L., Gonzalez-Aparicio, I. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions
Potential impacts of floating wind turbine technology for marine species and habitats Maxwell, S., Kershaw, F., Locke, C., Conners, M., Dawson, C., Aylesworth, S., Loomis, R., Johnson, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Navigation
ThermalTracker-3D Offshore Validation Technical Report Matzner, S., Warfel, T., Hull, R., Williams, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds
Environmental Data Catalog for the Morro Bay Wind Energy Area Johnson, C., Currier, C., Howar, J., Elliott, M., Rockwood, C., Jahncke, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles
Vulnerability of avian populations to renewable energy production Conkling, T., Zanden, H., Allison, T., Diffendorfer, J., Dietsch, T., Duerr, A., Fesnock, A., Hernandez, R., Loss, S., Nelson, D., Sanzenbacher, P., Yee, J., Katzner, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Investigating avoidance and attraction responses in lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus to offshore wind farms Johnston, D., Thaxter, C., Boersch-Supan, P., Humphreys, E., Bouten, W., Clewley, G., Scragg, E., Masden, E., Barber, L., Conway, G., Clark, N., Burton, N., Cook, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Evidence of Nocturnal Migration over Sea and Sex-Specific Migration Distance of Dutch Black-Headed Gulls Fijn, R., Govers, L., Lutterop, D., Middelveld, R., van Bemmelen, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Ecological and methodological drivers of persistence and detection of bird fatalities at power lines: Insights from multi-project monitoring data Bernardino, J., Martins, R., Bispo, R., Marques, A., Mascarenhas, M., Silva, R., Moreira, F. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Year 2 Digital Aerial Wildlife Survey of BOEM Lease Area OCS-A 520 Quarterly Report: July 2021 to October 2021 Arundale, M., Warford, S., Willmott, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Monitoring of geese in the territory of Integrated System for Protection of Birds, Winter 2021-2022 Zehtindjiev, P., Whitfield, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Acceptable Levels of Impact from offshore wind farms on the Dutch Continental Shelf for 21 bird species Potiek, A., Ijntema, G.J., van Kooten, T., Leopold, M., Collier, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
2022 Pacific Seabird Group 49th Annual Meeting. 22 - 25 February 2022 Pacific Seabird Group (PSG) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Crossing artificial obstacles during migration: The relative global ecological risks and interdependencies illustrated by the migration of common quail Coturnix coturnix Nadal, J., Sáez, D., Margalida, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Satellite Tracking of Migration Routes of the Eastern Buzzard (Buteo japonicus) in Japan through Sakhalin Hijikata, N., Yamaguchi, N., Hiraoka, E., Nakayama, F., Uchida, K., Tokita, K., Higuchi, H. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds
A Predictive Flight-Altitude Model for Avoiding Future Conflicts Between an Emblematic Raptor and Wind Energy Development in the Swiss Alps Vignali, S., Lörcher, F., Hegglin, D., Arlettaz, R., Braunisch, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Application of Monte Carlo and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Processes for ranking floating wind farm locations Díaz, H., Teixeira, A., Soares, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism
A risk-based method to prioritize cumulative impacts assessment on marine biodiversity and research policy for offshore wind farms in France Brignon, J., Lejart, M., Nexer, M., Michel, S., Quentric, A., Theibaud, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
A Novel Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model to Evaluate Floating Wind Farm Locations Díaz, H., Soares, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds
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